Recommended applications

There is a growing interest and also increased consumer selection of fresh processed products (or minimally processed), yet not much information is available on the nutrient stability or effectiveness of postharvest treatments on nutritive value retention during storage (Ahvenainen, 1996 Cocci et al., 2006). At this stage of the development of minimally processed foods, the maintenance of nutritional value has not been the primary concern of producers and transporters, although particular attention has been paid to safety and organoleptic aspects (Cocci et al., 2006). 

Conflicting reports on the efficacy of sorbate against L. monocytogenes have been found and may be due to variations in media, food, pH, or sorbate concentration. It has, however, been observed that sorbate has a bacteriostatic effect on L. monocytogenes. No listericidal effect has yet been observed (Buncic et al., 1995 Gonzalez-Fandos and Dominguez, 2007). 

Treated carcasses are known to possess pH values ranging from 3.3-5.8 (Kanellos and Burriel, 2005 Mehyar et al., 2005 Del Rfo et al., 2007). The pH may be influenced by different factors, such as (1) the type of organic acid, (2) treatment time, (3) organic acid concentration, and (4) combinations with other decontamination techniques (Del Rfo et al., 2007 Alvarez-Ordonez et al., 2009). 

More forceful use of water-based decontamination technologies, alone or in combination with acidic interventions, may greatly contribute to enhanced meat safety, by modulation of resistance of E. coli 0157 H7 and other pathogens to acid. Water-based decontamination may also be rotated with acidic interventions (Samelis et al., 2002a). 

---

In precoating, the prime objective is to prevent the filter medium from fouling. The volume of initial precoat normally applied should be 25 to 50 times greater than that necessary to fill the filter and connecting lines. This amounts to about 5-10 lb/100 fF of filter area, which typically results in a 1/16-in. to 1/8-in. precoat layer over the outer surface of the filter medium. An exception to this rule is in the precoating of continuous rotary drum filters where a 2-in. to 4-in. cake is deposited before filtration. The recommended application method is to mix the precoat material with clear liquor (which may consist of a portion of the filtrate). This mixture should be recycled until all the precoat has been deposited onto the filter medium. The... 

Recommended applications of combined air curtains with indoor air include... 

Four methods for industrial air technology design are presented in this chapter computational fluid dynamics (CFD), thermal building-dynamics simulation, multizone airflow models, and integrated airflow and thermal modeling. In addition to the basic physics of the problem, the methods, purpose, recommended applications, limitations, cost and effort, and examples are pro vided. 

Since the existing watersheds in the model are based on collected field data, choice of application dates are critical since the intensity of rainfall is important. Realistic dates must be chosen to coincide with recommended application times before or during the growing season. 

FR System Recommended Application V-0 Designation Via UL-94 Oxygen Index... 

At currently recommended application rates and in present formulations, carbofuran has caused sporadic, and sometimes extensive, field kills of fish, wildlife, and invertebrates. In short-term laboratory tests, significant death rates were observed at concentrations of about 200 pg carbofuran/L... 

Famphur was not very effective in the control of ticks. The tropical horse tick (Anocentor nitens) is a species of serious concern to horse breeders and raisers in Florida mainly because it transmits Babesia caballi, the causative agent of equine piroplasmosis. A secondary concern is that heavy tick infestations may cause injury to the ears of the horse (Gladney etal. 1972). Data were unavailable on famphur control of ticks in horses however, famphur was 99.9 to 100% effective in controlling A. nitens in Hereford steers and heifers when fed in the diet at 5 mg/kg BW for 14 to 21 days. Famphur at 2.5 mg/kg BW in cattle diets for 7 days was only partially effective (39 to 87.5%) in controlling horse ticks (Gladney et al. 1972). Famphur — despite multiple treatments — was not effective in controlling cattle ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis) when used as a pour-on at recommended application rates in weaned Hereford calves (Heath et al. 1980). 

Terrestrial plants are relatively unaffected by fenvalerate at recommended application rates, as judged by negligible uptake of fenvalerate from treated soils, formation of numerous fenvalerate conjugates that are pharmacologically inactive, and metabolism of the liberated cyano group into amino acids and eventually carbohydrate and protein (Miyamoto 1988). 

Eggs of migratory waterfowl seem to be especially sensitive to paraquat at recommended application rates in an oil vehicle, but were significantly more resistant to the same dose applied in water (Table 22.6). Application of paraquat in oil solution appears contraindicated in areas containing nesting waterfowl. 

It should be noted that, for establishment of a 1-h Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL) for another halocarbon, the NRC (NRC 1996 Bakshi et al. 1998) recommended application of a single interspecies UF of 10 to the cardiac sensitization test with the dog. Because blood concentrations of several halocarbons rapidly reached equilibrium, the NRC also extrapolated this 10-min test to the longer time period of 1 h. Controlled human data were not available for many of the materials considered by the NRC, whereas human data are available for HCFC-141b. 

The monoazo ammonium lake is a recent product and differs in its coloristic and fastness properties scarcely from the calcium lake types. Therefore the recommended application media for the two lakes are the same. 0,34% P.Y.191 1 are required to produce 1/3 SD colorations (1 % TiOz) in HDPE. Such colorations are heat stable up to 300°C. 

Several commercial products for cyanobacteria control have been developed from decomposing barley straw constituents. Schrader recently tested two of these commercial products in the laboratory for their effect on the growth of P. peromata and found that neither commercial product was effective in inhibiting the growth of P. peromata, even at test concentrations greater than 100 times the label-recommended application rates. Commercial products containing SCP have also been developed recently and approved by the USEPA for use in aquaculture. However, recent efficacy... 

Atrazine, a triazlne compound, is extensively used as a selective herbicide on corn and sorghum fields for the control of broadleaf and grassy weeds. Depending on soil properties and climatic effects, its persistence from recommended application rates in north central states may extend well beyond one year and crop injury may result when sensitive species are in the rotation (50). 

---