Safe disposal

In comparison with most other analytical techniques, radiochemical methods are usually more expensive and require more time to complete an analysis. Radiochemical methods also are subject to significant safety concerns due to the analyst s potential exposure to high-energy radiation and the need to safely dispose of radioactive waste. 

Water Treatment. Flotation in water treatment is used both for the removal of dissolved ions such as Cu ", Cr ", or (PO or surfactants and suspended soHds as in the case of sludge treatment. The final product in this case is purified water rather than a mineral concentrate. Furthermore, water is treated either for drinking purposes (potable water preparation) or safe disposal to the environment. 

Resource Conservation and ecoveTy Jict. The RCRA focuses on the proper disposition of waste from industrial processes. The interface to printing ink is primarily solvents, which can be flammable, and ingredients in ink that can contribute to the presence of certain heavy metals. The proper interface is the safe disposal of waste inks, but is often confused with disposal of printing matter. 

The common treatment methods are acidification, neutralization, and incineration. When oxahc acid is heated slightly in sulfuric acid, it is converted to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. Reaction with acid potassium permanganate converts it to carbon dioxide. Neutralization with alkahes, such as caustic soda, yields soluble oxalates. Neutralization with lime gives practically insoluble calcium oxalate, which can be safely disposed of, for instance, by incineration. 

Some catalysts are ha2ardous materials, or they react to form ha2ardous substances. For example, catalysts used for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide form volatile metal carbonyl compounds such as nickel carbonyl, which are highly toxic. Many catalysts contain heavy metals and other ha2ardous components, and environmentally safe disposal has become an increasing concern and expense. 

Are there written procedures for the safe disposal of waste resulting from cleaning ... 

Product information in detail should be available and potential hazards should have been identified and occupational health preventive measures taken. Safe disposal of waste should be well under control. 

Part II of EPA 90 deals with waste disposal, handling and management. The provisions impose duties on the producers of waste to ensure the safe disposal. There are strong licensing powers for local authorities, with continuing responsibilities for licensees to monitor and maintain sites after closure. 

Safe disposal of the effluent seal water, considering possible contamination by process fluids. 

Disposal of Drainage of Process Equipment Contents - When items of onsite process equipment are taken out of service, either individually during plant operation or for general turnaround, means of draining and safe disposal of the residual liquid hydrocarbon contents must be provided. The following are important considerations and terminology in the design ... 

The purpose of a blowdown drum is to disengage closed safety valve releases and various drainage, blowdown and diverted materials into liquid and vapor streams which can be safely disposed of to appropriate storage and flaring facilities, respectively. Entrainment of liquid hydrocarbons into a flare stack is not acceptable, since the potential exists for burning liquid falling onto the ground or adjacent facilities. For this reason, a blowdown drum is required. 

Usually, the closed liquid drain header is run as a separate line to the drum and provided with a high level cut-off valve with local manual reset. In some cases the closed drain system is segregated into a number of subheaders, as described earlier. Hydrocarbon liquids may be bypassed around the drum through a connection from the closed drain header directly to the pumpout pump suction, provided that the liquid can be routed to a safe disposal location, considering its vapor pressure and temperature. Emergency liquid pulldown connections, if provided, are routed to the blowdown drum via the closed drain header. 

Plant designs must include means of safe disposal for various slop materials, such as the following ... 

The flare provides a means of safe disposal of the vapor streams from these facilities, by burning them imder controlled conditions such that adjacent equipment or personnel are not exposed to hazards, and at the same time meeting pollution control and public relations requirements. 

Dust disposal The methods for safely disposing of the collected dust. 

A failure to safely dispose of hazardous materials and observe fire precautions could put plant at risk. 

Because of quite poor color rendition and difficulty in safe disposal of expended lamps, low pressure sodium fixtures are less desirable than high pressure sodium fixtures and are seldom recommended for production facilities. High pressure sodium fixtures are particularly attractive for illuminating large open areas. At locations where power cost is low and where many fixtures are required due to equipment shadowing, mercury vapor fixtures often are preferred because of their lower initial cost, lower replacement lamp cost, and better color rendition. 

M. Kneale, The Safe Disposal of Relief Discharges, Selection Use of Pressure Relief Systems for Process Plants, Institution of Chemical Engineers North Western Branch, Manchester. UK, 1989, Paper 7. 

Environmentally friendly, and safely disposed of in household waste... 

Activated Raney nickel is pyrophoric and should never be allowed to become dry. Thus decanting is preferred to filtration, and when decanting, a small amount of solvent must always be left behind to cover the catalyst powder. For safe disposal, the spent catalyst should be slurried in water and flushed down the drain under running water. 

NOTE Glycol selection should also take into account the risk of leaks to the environment and the ultimate safe disposal of the material. Propylene glycol is a safer alternative to ethylene glycol because of its very low mammalian toxicity. 

Advise the patient to use an impervious container with a properly fitting lid, such as a coffee can, fa safe disposal of needles. A plastic milk jug with a lid or a heavy-duty, dean, cardboard milk or juice carton may be used if necessary. 

Chemistry is the key to the safe use of nuclear power. It is used in the preparation of the fuel itself, the recovery of important fission products, and the safe disposal or utilization of nuclear waste. 

Immediately inform a responsible adult who can arrange for safe disposal. 

Waste gas from produced hydrocarbons can be safely disposed by reinjecting into a formation. The waste gas is mixed with a surfactant to form a foam that, in turn, is placed within a disposal zone of a subterranean formation. The waste gas is trapped within the foam, thereby reducing the mobility of the gas in the formation, which, in turn, restricts the ability of the waste gas to readily flow out of the disposal zone and into the producing zone of the formation. The waste gas foam can be placed into the formation by coinjecting the surfactant and the waste gas, or it can be formed in situ by first injecting the surfactant and then injecting the waste gas [1356]. 

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