Mass-production

Vang RT, Wang JG, Knudsen J, Schnadt J, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Besenbacher F (2005) The adsorption structure of NO on Pd(III) at high pressures studied by STM and DPT. J Phys Chem B 109 14262-14265 

Davis SM, Zaera F, Somorjai GA (1984) Surface structure and temperature dependence of n-hexane skeletal rearrangement reactions catalyzed over platinum single crystal surfaces marked structure sensitivity of aromatization. J Catal 85 206-223 

Zaera F, Godbey D, Somorjai GA (1986) Methylcyclopentane conversion over platinum single crystal surfaces evidence for the cyclic mechanism of n-hexane isomerization. J Catal 101 73-80 

SoUa-GuUon J, Vidal-lglesias FJ, Lopez-Cudero A, Gamier E, Fehu JM, Aldaza A (2008) Shape-dependent electrocatalysis methanol and formic acid electrooxidation on preferentially oriented Pt nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10 3689-3698 

BratUe KM, Khewer CJ, Somoijai GA (2006) Stmcture effects of benzene hydrogenation studied with sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and kinetics on Pt(lll) and Pt(lOO) single-crystal surfaces. J Phys Chem B 110 17925-17930 

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FAGCI has the equipment for mass production of computer-synthesized holograms The technology of computer-synthesized holograms is widely used in Russia for protection of precious, authentic, and important documents, such as passports, securities, licenses, certificates, identification cards, etc. 

Glass can be machined to a very limited extend only. Treatment of glass for the production of tubes is delicate and requires lots of special tools. The shape of the vacuum envelope can t be simply changed. Glass is more suitable for mass production of simple shaped goods. 

Alvarez-Icasa, M. Bilitewski, U. Mass Production of Biosensors, Anal. 

The singularity of MAbs and the ease of mass production appeared to be the answer to rapid development of highly specific immunoassays. Companies were formed to produce MAbs and incorporate them into assays. In fact, such assays have been developed and have proved very successful for infectious diseases, hormones, and other clinical analytes. 

High demands are placed on the substrate material of disk-shaped optical data storage devices regarding the optical, physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties. In addition to these physical parameters, they have to meet special requirements regarding optical purity of the material, processing characteristics, and especially in mass production, economic characteristics (costs, processing). The question of recyclabiUty must also be tackled. 

An advantage of aluminum is the high level of knowledge and the automated production plants stemming from the mass production of A1 substrates for magnetic hard disks these can be widely used for the production of substrate disks for optical data storage. 

Fig. 20. Mass-production equipment for metal evaporated tape (103) vacuum - 1 mPa (10 torr).

The next generation of amperomethc enzyme electrodes may weU be based on immobilization techniques that are compatible with microelectronic mass-production processes and are easy to miniaturize (42). Integration of enzymes and mediators simultaneously should improve the electron-transfer pathway from the active site of the enzyme to the electrode. 

In the early 1970s, the first companies to apply low cost, mass production techniques to photovoltaics, a technology that had previously been considered an exotic aerospace technology, emerged. These techniques included the use of electroplated and screen printed metal paste electrical conductors, reflow soldered ribbon interconnects, and by 1977, low cost, automobile windshield-style, laminated module constmction. Such processes benefitted from a substantial existing industrial infrastmcture, and have become virtually ubiquitous in the present PV industry. 

D. Lovejoy, "Electrification of Rural Areas by Solar PV," International Workshop on Mass Production ofPhotovoltaics Commercialicyation andPoliy Options,... 

H. Rodriguez, ProspectsforPhotovoltaics Commercialisation, Mass Production and Application for Development, Advanced Technology Assessment System 8, United Nations, New York, 1992, pp. 1—8. 

Other alloying ingredients in lead, eg, arsenic (0.5—0.7%) and silver [7440-22-4] (0.1—0.15%), inhibit grid growth on overcharge and reduce positive grid corrosion. Tin added to a lead alloy produces well-defined castings that are readily adapted to mass production techniques (84). 

At first sight, the same is true of aluminhim alloys. But because they are heavily alloyed (to give a high yield strength) their ductility is low. If expense is unimportant, this does not matter, some early Rolls-Royce cars (Fig. 27.6) had aluminium bodies which were formed into intricate shapes by laborious hand-beating methods, with frequent annealing of the aluminium to restore its ductility. But in mass production we should like to deep draw body panels in one operation - and then low ductility is much... 

For mass production purposes matched metal moulding techniques are employed. Here the preform or mat is placed in a heated mould and the resin poured on. The press is closed and light pressure ( 501bf/in ) applied. Curing schedules are usually about three minutes at 120°C. It is possible to produce laminates using less resin with pressure moulding than with hand lay-up techniques and this results in better mechanical properties. 

However, it should always be remembered that it is bad design practice to select materials on the basis of cost per unit weight. In the mass production industries, in particular, die raw material cost is of relatively little importance. It is the in-position cost which is all important. The in-position cost of a component is the sum of several independent factors i.e. raw material costs, fabrication costs and performance costs. 

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