Availability of materials

The material availability must be established. Of course, an infinite number of polymers available when one considers various blends and composites. Here, some GO/NO-GO criteria need to be used for preliminary screening, such as 

Heat-distortion temperature Compatibility with enviromnent Glass transition temperature Toxic or other adverse health effects 

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Implied is the availability of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all products handled by the toller. The assessor should question the distribution system of product information. 

Availability of Materials. Availability of the candidate material is a very essential consideration in the decision-making process. There is no sense in specifying the use of a particular material if it cannot be obtained within the time constraints of the project. It is also advisable to select materials that are available from more than one supplier. If proprietary materials that are only available from one supplier are used, one can become a captive customer at the mercy of the supplier on cost and delivery. 

This subject effects designers since many products have the requirement by regulations or otherwise to use recycled plastics. Different methods are used to recycle materials to provide plastics with a continuing life. Method used is influenced by factors such as costs, quantity involved, weight involved, size and shape, complexity of mixed types of plastics, extended of contamination such as metallic particles, continued availability of material, etc. (Recognize that they can also be used as energy sources through incineration that can be combined with production of electricity and/or hot water for example). 

This high availability of materials can also be related to the high enzymatic activities in the water as well as relevant organic carbon uptake by the benthic microorganisms [40, 41],... 

Availability of material balances for selected unit process operations (Table 1.1)... 

Availability of Material Balances for Selected Unit Process Operations... 

Limited cost data are available for the construction and operation and maintenance (O M) of ET cover systems. The available construction cost data indicate that these cover systems have the potential to be less expensive to construct than conventional cover systems. Factors affecting the cost of construction include availability of materials, ease of installation, and project scale. Locally available soils, which are usually less costly than imported clay soils, are typically used for ET cover systems. In addition, the use of local materials generally minimizes transportation costs.3945... 

Evaluation is based on specific restrictions and limitations of reactions in the sequence, the availability of materials, and other factors. 

The purchase orders, sales and distribution order quantities can be higher or lower each day depending on the available number of transportation units e.g. trucks or ships. The production quantity, however, each day is limited by production capacity and cannot be so easily changed day-by-day. These different volume structures need to be matched by integrating order schedules and availabilities of materials. 

Simulation and predictive modeling of contaminant transport in the environment are only as good as the data input used in these models. Field methods differ from laboratory methods in that an increase in the scale of measurement relative to most laboratory methods is involved. Determination of transport parameters (i. e., transmission coefficients) must also use actual contaminant chemical species and field solid phase samples if realistic values are to be specified for the transport models. The choice of type of test, e.g., leaching cells and diffusion tests, depends on personal preference and availability of material. No test is significantly better than another. Most of the tests for diffusion evaluation are flawed to a certain extent. 

Criminals and mentally disturbed or immature persons are both likely to be limited by the availability of materials and knowledge. In addition, criminals are quite likely to be more susceptible than the other groups to deterrence by visible and effective security measures. Thus, the first two groups — state-sponsored actors and non-state-sponsored terrorists — are the main threats on which explosives detection needs to focus. Unfortunately, this conclusion implies the need for detection of military, commercial, and improvised explosives and does not greatly help in narrowing down the issues. 

The choice of samples will obviously depend on the question that is being posed. For example, plant and animal DNA extracted from human coprolites (e.g., 22) or DNA extracted from the remains of animals found in house structures (e.g., 13) would be useful in the study of prehistoric dietary practices. However, sample choice also depends on the availability of material from times and places of interest. In this sense, where human skeletal samples are absent... 

Because of the apparently large amount of inhibitory activity exhibited by the extract and the availability of material for extraction, Ceratonia was selected for further study. Evidence has been obtained of at least four inhibitory substances during the purification of this extract. 

Solid-state samples can be prepared by accurately weighing the drug substance into a container that can be stored under the appropriate condition. Suitable containers include volumetric flasks, scintillation vials, etc. The amount of drug substance used is usually dictated by the availability of material, accuracy of balances, and the final concentration desired for analysis. Typical amounts used for solid-state samples would be between 2 and... 

At very low concentrations, c. 10 4 to 10 3 mol dm-3, the supersaturation is sufficient for extensive nucleation to occur, but crystal growth is limited by the availability of material, with the result that a sol is formed. At moderate concentrations, c. 10 2 to 10 1 mol dm 3, the extent of nucleation is not much greater, so that more material is available for crystal growth and a coarse filterable precipitate is formed. At very high concentrations, c. 2 to 3 mol dm-3, the high viscosity of the medium slows down the rate of crystal growth sufficiently to allow time for much more extensive nucleation and the formation of very many small particles. Owing to their... 

Kit design considerations include (a) avoiding contamination from external sources and cross contamination between sampling areas, (b) lifting efficiency, (c) matrix compatibility with subsequent laboratory procedures, (d) ease of use and preparation, and (e) cost, purity, availability of materials. 

One of the challenges of any R D effort is the transfer of laboratory results to a manufacturing environment with its restrictions in terms of cost, throughput, and availability of materials. In this section we will elaborate on some practical aspects specific to the etching process of magnetron sputtered ZnO Al films. 

The relative reactivities of various other resins, monomers and combinations of monomers have been measured in a similar manner. From this information, it was learned that many commercially available monofunctional monomers were not suitable for use in radiation curable formulations. Mobil Chemical Company has now developed several proprietary monofunctional monomers which provide low volatility, high reactivity and safe handling properties to fulfill these needs. In addition, other material suppliers have begun to make suitable monomers available, so the overall availability of materials for formulating has improved greatly within the last few years. 

Since the pioneering work of Knox et al. on CEC [9,10], porous silica particles have been used as the column packing material in the majority of research studies and applications. Porous silica has a number of characteristics that make it suitable for use in CEC. These are a large surface area, a high surface potential at moderate pH values, which allows the generation of a high EOF, and the commercial availability of materials with various surface chemistries. However, other support materials, such as polymeric phases [11] and alternative inorganic base materials [12], are also applicable in CEC. 

The solution contains the five internal standards in tridecane (or nonane) at the nominal concentrations listed in Table 4. Depending on the availability of materials, EMSL-LV will provide the solution. Mix 10 pL with 1.0 mL of acetone before adding to each sample and blank. 

The hexane solution contains the recovery standards, uCi2-1234-TCDD and 13Ci2-123789-HxCDD, at concentrations of 5.0 ng/pL, in a solvent other than tridecane or nonane (see Section 10.2). Depending upon the availability of materials, EMSL-LV will provide the solution. 

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