Plasmonic surfaces

One of the key developments in SE(R)RS over the last 10 or so years has been the development of structured surfaces designed to achieve strong SERS enhancements by controlling the plasmonics of the surface and thus the electromagnetic enhancement. This is a very active area of research which overlaps with work in the wider fields of nanophotonics and optical metamaterials [104, 105]. A number of excellent reviews of the area have been published in the last few years [11,15-17, 26-28, 106]. 

This plasmon hybridization approach [114] has been used very effectively to describe the plasmonics of a number of core-shell [112, 115, 116] and other structures [114, 117, 118] including effects on extended nanostructured surfaces [119-121], 

For electrochemical SE(R)RS measurements it is necessary to have a continuous conducting surface to use as the electrode and this rules out the use of many nanoparticle and core-shell-type structures used for SE(R)RS studies. In the next section we concentrate on electrode structures for SE(R)RS. 

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Keywords optical sensor biosensor surface plasmon surface plasmon resonance ... 

Surface relief nanostructures may be used to create LSPs. In contrast to using particles to excite plasmons, surface relief patterns have an advantage of no aggregation and thus offer reliable sensing performance. Much part of the discussion addresses field enhancement in the near-field. Near-field enhancement can lead to amplification of signals produced by bio-molecular interactions near surface. 

The Low power microwaves employed here do not perturb the plasmonic surfaces, do not produce arcing which is conunonly observed for metallic objects in microwave cavities,[56] or even denature or change protein conformation. Low power microwaves provide for effective rapid heating of the assays, producing identical final fluorescence intensities, fluorophore lifetimes, as well as extents of energy transfer (protein conformation) as compared to room temperature incubation. 

Knobloch, H., Brunner, H., Leitner, A., Aussenegg, F., and Knoll, W. (1993). Probing the Evanescent Field of Propagating Plasmon Surface-Polaritons by Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopies Journal (rf Chemical Physics 98 10093-10095. 

Girlando A, Philpott MR, Heitmann D, Swalen JD, Santo R (1980) Raman spectra of thin organic Aims enhanced by plasmon surface polaritons on holographic metal gratings. J Chem... 

Surface plasmons Surface plasmons (SPs) are collective excitations of the electrons within the conduction band of a metal. 

Keywords Nanophotonics Biosensors Sensors Surface plasmons Surface enhanced effects Metallic nanostructures... 

A new imaging technique, surface-plasmon microscopy, has been developed by Rothenhausler and Knoll and applied to Langmuir-Blodgett films. Plasmon surface polaritons ( surface plasmons, or PSPs) are surface... 

Plasmon surface polaritons (PSPs) or surface plasmons are transverse magnetic waves that propagate along a metal-dielectric interface, their field amplitudes decaying exponentially perpendicular to the interface [29,30]. Their dispersion relation is given by... 

Surface plasmon/surface plasma wave Collective oscillations of the free electrons at the boundary between a metal (e.g., Ag, Au) and a dielectric (e.g., air, water). 

SPPs are sometimes also called PSPs (plasmon surface polaritons). 

Plasmon Surface Resonance. Based on the principle of plasmon surface resonance, Biacore Life Sciences has developed a kit assay optimized for cobalamin analysis in food items (Biacore 2005). The recommended extraction method is autoclaving in add followed by filtration or centrifugation. As the extraction is carried out manually before analysis on the instrument, we expect that other extraction methods may work equally well (see Section 26.3.1). 

Special equipment requested ELISA reader at 610-630 nm Architect system Gamma counter with possibility to distinguish the isotopes Co and l Plasmon surface resonance instrument... 

Plasmon surface polaritons at metal/electrolyte interface.56... 

Figure 1(a) shows the Kretschmann configuration [9] for the excitation of plasmon surface polaritons (surface plasmons for short) [10] in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. When a p-polarized laser beam is irradiated at the (internal) incident angle 9t from the prism of a refractive index np above 6c, a strong nonradiative electromagnetic wave, i.e. a surface plasmon is excited at the resonant angle which propagates at the metal /electrolyte interface. 

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