Surface-plasmon microscopy

Fig. 5 Surface plasmon microscopy images of a structured ultrathin PS film prepared by photopoiymerization through a mask A bare silicon appears dark, B polystyrene appears dark. (Reproduced with permission from [38] WUey)...

Elatgen et al. [264, 265] have involved surface plasmon microscopy to study the formation of spatiotemporal potential... 

The theoretical predictions prompted an experimental search for electrochemical Turing structures that was successful shortly after. The first experimentally observed Turing structures are reproduced in Fig. 71. They stem from the periodate reduction on Au in the presence of camphor whose homogeneous dynamics was introduced in Section 3.2.2. The patterns could be made visible with surface plasmon microscopy (cf. Fig. 54). When changing the composition of the electrolyte, the wavelength of the patterns changed, in accordance with the theoretical result that the wavelength depends on the system s parameters, but not on the dimension of the... 

Rothenhausler, B., and Knoll, W. Surface-plasmon Microscopy. Nature 322, 615 (1988). Knoll, W. Polymer Thin Films and Interfaces Characterized with Evanescent Light. Makromol. Chem. 192, 2827 (1991). 

Rothenhausler B, Knoll W (1988) Surface-plasmon microscopy. Nature 332 615-617... 

Yeatman EM (1996) Resolution and sensitivity in surface plasmon microscopy and sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 11 635-649... 

From this discussion we have seen that the main pattern-forming variable is the potential. Furthermore, the dynamics are crucially determined by transport processes and cell geometry. Consequently, experimental studies rely on the availability of methods that do not interfere with transport processes. Ideally, they probe the potential distribution in the electrolyte close to the electrode or the double-layer potential. To date, three methods have been employed in the study of patterns in electrochemistry potential probe measurements, surface plasmon microscopy, and visible light microscopy. 

Surface plasmon microscopy allows the recording of two-dimensional images of the potential distribution at the electrode and combines high temporal and spatial resolution with a nonperturbing nature. These properties, which are optimal for spatiotemporal dynamics studies, are confronted with two restraints. A quantitative analysis of the data is more... 

A new imaging technique, surface-plasmon microscopy, has been developed by Rothenhausler and Knoll and applied to Langmuir-Blodgett films. Plasmon surface polaritons ( surface plasmons, or PSPs) are surface... 

Figure 8. Surface-plasmon microscopy, (a) The coupling of the incident photons to the surface mode can be accomplished by using a prism. The evanescent field of the surface plasmon extends into the monolayer coating, and the light that is scattered or diffracted when the resonance condition is not fulfilled can be imaged by the lens. After Rothenhausler and Knoll. (b) SPM images of a monolayer of DMPA in the LE-LC region transferred to a solid support.

An advantage of surface-plasmon microscopy is that great contrast between layers of different thicknesses that can be obtained in very thin films without the use of the probe molecules. It is a requirement of the method, however, that there be an underlying coating of a conductor such as silver that carries that surface plasmon field. There is a possibility that images can be obtained from the water/monolayer film that adheres to a vertical slide that has been partially drawn through the air-water interface. ... 

Are any of these structures typical of those that would be observed in a pure amphiphile The role played by the probe, which is essential to the fluorescence method, is not completely clear. It has been argued that the formation of dendritic structures in phospholipids is the result of constitutional supercooling, a mechanism that depends on the differential solubility of an impurity between two phases. This may not be the case similar patterns have been observed in LB films by surface-plasmon microscopy, for which no probe is added. The foam structures at the LE-G transition have also been attributed by some to the presence of the probe, but foams have also been observed in monolayers composed solely of a labeled amphiphile. 

In the first part of the chapter several methods used to observe morphology of polymer blends are presented. Various optical microscopic methods are reviewed, including such modem techniques as photon tunneling microscopy (PTM), scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), phase measurement interference microscopy (PMIM), surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) and optical waveguide microscopy (OWM). Many of these methods have been developed to study surfaces and thin films. However, they can also be applied to polymer blend morphology. 

There are two additional methods that are especially useful for the characterization of thin films or monolayers, the surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) and the optical waveguide microscopy (OWM) [Knoll, 1991]. 

OWM optical waveguide microscopy SPM surface plasmon microscopy... 

Experimental verification of this principle could be achieved by the technique of surface plasmon microscopy by which the lateral distribution of the electrode potential at a thin film can be monitored [11]. The experiments were performed with the reduction of periodate (I04 ) in the presence of camphor on a thin, preferentially (11 l)-oriented Au film [12]. Adsorbed camphor exhibits two first-order phase transitions upon variation of the electrode potential leading to the required S-shaped current-voltage characteristics. (The addition of perchlorate to the... 

Zislperger, M. and Knoll, M., Multispot parallel online monitoring of interfacial binding reactions by surface plasmon microscopy. Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci., 109, 244-253 (1998). 

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