Surface Plasmon Resonance Methods

Wiltschi B, Knoll W, Sinner E-K (2006) Binding assays with artificial tethered membranes using surface plasmon resonance. Methods 39 134-146... 

The above discussion reveals how NR can be used to provide direct information concerning both the thickness and the composition via the SLD of the various layers in the interface. This constitutes an advantage over ellipsometry or surface plasmon resonance methods where the value of the refractive index (composition) of the film is usually assumed in order to determine its thickness. However, to use the kinematic approach to directly determine these quantities, the reflectivity has to be measured in a sufficiently large range of so that at least one-half of the longest period interference fringe, corresponding to the thirmest layer in the interface, is observed on the reflectivity curve. The spatial resolution for a film of thickness ris defined as t= 7r/Qz,max, where is the maximum momentum... 

Modified fiber-optic-based sensors can be used for sensing pollutants, explosives, drugs, pharmaceuticals, and miscellaneous organics (Yeh et al. 2006). Optical fibers coated with porous silica can be used to detect the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Alternatively, these compounds can also be detected using fiber-optic-coupled surface plasmon resonance methods. Aromatic compounds were detected by evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy. Suitably modified fiber-optic array tips can be used to detect presence of explosive materials (Wolfbeis 2000). 

Xie, Z. and Reed, J. C. (2000) Analysis of dimerization of Bcl-2 family proteins by surface plasmon resonance. Methods Enzymol. 322, 266-274. 

SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE METHODS 13.8.1 History and Principle of SPR Assays... 

Wang et al. [4] used the electrochemical surface plasmon resonance method to investigate enzyme reactions in a bilayer lipid membrane based on immobilizing horseradish peroxidase in theses membrane lipids supported by the redox poly-anUine. After each step of the detection of peroxide hydroxide carried out by peroxidase, the SPR sensor surface was completely regenerated by electrochem-ically reducing the oxidized polyaniline to its reduced state. 

Kimple AJ, Muller BE, Siderovski DP et al (2010) A capture coupling method for the covalent immobilization of hexahistidine tagged proteins for surface plasmon resonance. Methods Mol Biol 627 91-100... 

Sharon, E., Freeman, R., Riskin, M., Gil, N., Tzfati, Y, WiUner, L, 2010. Optical, electrical and surface plasmon resonance methods for detecting telomerase activity. Analytical Chemistry 82, 8390-8397. 

Sato C, Yamakawa N, Kitajima K (2010) Measurement of glycan-based interactions by frontal affinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance. Methods Enzymol 478 219-232... 

The third-order optical nonlinearity of the conjugated polymers is based on the electron delocalization, which makes the electron cloud easily polarizable. Because of this nonresonant origin, the nonlinearity is very fast with subpicosecond response times [120]. Fukaya etal [121] have measured the intensity-dependent index of refraction of P30T using a surface plasmon resonance method. TTie result was nj = 5-10 i m /W at the wavelength 1.06 Xm, which is of the same order of magnitude as the values obtained for polydiacetylenes. 

Tanious, F.A., Nguyen, B. and Wilson, W.D. (2008) Biosensor-surface plasmon resonance methods for quantitative analysis of biomolecular interactions. Biophysical Tools for Biologists Volume 1 -In Vitro Techniques, 84, 53-77. 

More recently, the method of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has been applied to LB films of phospholipids and has revealed submicron-domain structures [55-59]. The method involves scanning a fiber-optic tip over a surface in much the same way an AFM tip is scanned over a surface. In principle, other optical experiments could be combined with the SNOM, snch as resonance energy transfer, time-resolved flnorescence, and surface plasmon resonance. It is likely that spectroscopic investigation of snbmicron domains in LB films nsing these principles will be pnrsned extensively. 

Futamata, M., Maruyama, Y. and Ishikawa, M. (2003) Local electric field and scattering cross section of Ag nanopartides under surface plasmon resonance by finite difference time domain method. J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 7607-7617. 

Morton, T. A., and Myszka, D. G. (1998). Kinetic analysis of macromolecular interactions using surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Methods Enzymol. 295, 268-294. 

In these sensors, the intrinsic absorption of the analyte is measured directly. No indicator chemistry is involved. Thus, it is more a kind of remote spectroscopy, except that the instrument comes to the sample (rather than the sample to the instrument or cuvette). Numerous geometries have been designed for plain fiber chemical sensors, all kinds of spectroscopies (from IR to mid-IR and visible to the UV from Raman to light scatter, and from fluorescence and phosphorescence intensity to the respective decay times) have been exploited, and more sophisticated methods including evanescent wave spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance have been applied. 

Gershon P.D., Khilko S., Stable chelating linkage for reversible immobilization of oligohistidine tagged proteins in the BIAcore surface plasmon resonance detector, J Immun Methods 1995 183 65-76. 

The techniques developed to study protein interactions can be divided into a number of major categories (Table 31.1), including bioconjugation, protein interaction mapping, affinity capture, two-hybrid techniques, protein probing, and instrumental analysis (i.e., NMR, crystallography, mass spectrometry, and surface plasmon resonance). Many of these methods are dependent on the use of an initial bioconjugation step to discern key information on protein interaction partners. 

D.J. Schofield and N.J. Dimmock, Determination of affinities of a panel of IgGs and Fabs for whole enveloped (influenza A) virions using surface plasmon resonance. J. Virol. Methods 62, 33 42 (1996). 

Shumaker Parry, J. S. Campbell, C. T., Quantitative methods for spatially resolved adsorption/desorption measurements in real time by surface plasmon resonance microscopy, Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 907 917... 

The term surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can refer to the phenomenon itself or to the use of this phenomenon to measure biomolecules binding to surfaces. This method is now widely used in the biosciences and provides a generic approach to measurement of bio molecule interactions on surfaces. 

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