Stability surface plasmon resonance

Optical devices have also been used as transducers. Laser fiber-optics allows high intensity light to travel a long distance using fibrous size carrier. The stable and intense light beam not only provides calibration stability but also makes all the detecting techniques faster and more sensitive. In addition to the UV-VIS absorbance and fluorescence intensity, measurements of multiple reflections, surface plasmon resonance, and total internal reflection fluorescence had recently been used (12, 13, 14). 

To identify nanoparticles there are several analytical techniques, including crystalline nature, surface plasmon resonance, size, shape, stability, nature, etc., which was done by various analytical instruments, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, zeta potential, etc. These are mostly used for analysis of synthesized nanoparticles, which helps us to study crystalline nature, functional groups, and morphological studies, and to identify its stability. 

Each analytical instrument has a separate property, for example UV-visible spectroscopy helps to identify the surface plasmon resonance of synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffractometry identifies the crystaUine nature of synthesized nanoparticles and also using Scherrer s formula (D = K%l(3 cos 0) from which researchers are able to calculate the crystal size of synthesized nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy finds the functional group which reduces metal salts into nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope indicate the exact size and shape of nanoparticles. Zeta potential plays a major role in nanoparticle characterization, which results in the stability and withstand property of nanoparticles. 

The marine Streptomyces species LK-3 (JF710608) have synthesized AuNPs and were studied and reported by Karthik et al. (2013). The formation of nanoparticles could be identified by the color change due to microbial interaction with auro-chlorate salt. The UV-visible spectroscopy showed surface plasmon resonance at 540 nm. The authors studied the stability of nanoparticles with the help of Zeta potential and this proved the nanoparticles to be stable and the HR-TEM analysis was studied for morphological phenomena of the synthesized AuNPs. It has been stated that the AuNPs were polygonal in shape and the average size of particles was approximately 5—50 nm. 

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