Surface plasmon resonance optical biosensors

The range of biosensors for the analysis of vitamins that use enzymes as the biorecognition elements is rather restricted. However, affinity biosensors have opened a new horizon in the field of vitamin analysis with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors at the forefront. Commercialization of optical SPR... 

The representative techniques currently applied for an efficient, specific, rapid detection of viruses are described by Cay gill et al. Among them, electrochemical biosensors based on amperometric, potentiometric, and impedance measurements, optical biosensors that use surface plasmon resonance, optical fibers and piezoelectric biosensors based on microcantilevers, and recently the use of nanoparticles and novel nanomaterials as alternate recognition surfaces have been widely applied. 

Dostalek J., Ctyroky J., Homola J., Brynda E., Skalsky M., Nekvindova P., Spirkova J., Skvor J., Schrofel J., Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on integrated optical waveguide, Sensors and Actuators 2001 76 8-12. 

The introduction of optical biosensors has made it possible to obtain data for a large number of macromolecular interactions without the necessity of additional labeling. Here several commercial instruments utilize the effect of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) to detect accumulation of ligands in the sensor matrix. 

Immunosensors have been developed commercially mostly for medical purposes but would appear to have considerable potential for food analysis. The Pharmacia company has developed an optical biosensor, which is a fully automated continuous-flow system which exploits the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect and measure biomolecular interactions. The technique has been validated for determination of folic acid and biotin in fortified foods (Indyk, 2000 Bostrom and Lindeberg, 2000), and more recently for vitamin Bi2. This type of technique has great potential for application to a wide range of food additives but its advance will be linked to the availability of specific antibodies or other receptors for the various additives. It should be possible to analyse a whole range of additives by multi-channel continuous flow systems with further miniaturisation. 

Keywords optical sensor biosensor surface plasmon surface plasmon resonance ... 

Key words optical biosensor surface plasmon resonance magnetooptical surface plasmon resonance multibiosensor technological platform... 

Bokken, G. C. A. M., Corbee, R. J., van Knapen, F., and Bergwerff, A. A. (2003). Immunochemical detection of Salmonella group B, D and E using an optical surface plasmon resonance biosensor. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 222, 75-82. 

Van Duyne RP, Haes AJ, Zou S, Schatz GC (2004) A Nanoscale Optical Biosensor The Long Range Distance Dependence of the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Noble Metal Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 108 109-116... 

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique had become popular in interaction studies between biological molecules (1). It is an optical biosensor, and the interactions can be detected by SPR angle shift or reflection light intensity. In typical SPR measurement, one of pair interacting biomolecules was immobilized on a gold chip, and another was flowed over the chip as its solution. There are two major advantages in SPR assay (a) real time evaluations on kinetics studies and (b) label-free measurements. 

The use of optical immune biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the diagnostics of human and animal diseases as well as for environmental pollution monitoring, is one of prospective directions in biosensorics. The sensitivity of immune biosensors is similar to the ELIS A-method but the simphcity of obtaining results in the real time regime and the speed of the analysis are the main advantages of the biosensor approach. Performance of optical biosensors based on SPR depends on the state of the metallic surface as well as on the density, structure and the space volume of the immobilized molecules. It was demonstrated that the application of intermediate layers between the transducer surface and the sensitive biological molecules can optimize the working characteristics of the immune biosensor [7-14]. 

The transducers most commonly employed in biosensors are (a) Electrochemical amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric (b) Optical vibrational (IR, Raman), luminescence (fluorescence, chemiluminescence) (c) Integrated optics (surface plasmon resonance (SPR), interferometery) and (d) Mechanical surface acoustic wave (SAW) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) [4,12]. 

Nucleic acid biosensors based on optical modes of detection represent another common approach for generating analytical signals based on nucleic acid hybridization. The methods discussed herein are based on methods that are suitable for the study of materials on surfaces. There are a number of different optical methods that have been described, with the most common being attenuated total reflectance (ATR), total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [15]. All of these methods work... 

Homola J (2004) Surface plasmon resonance biosensors for food safety. In Narayanaswamy R, Wolfbeis OS (eds) Optical sensors—industrial, environmental and diagnostic applications. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 145... 

Haes AJ, van Duyne RP. A nanoscale optical biosensor Sensitivity and selectivity of an approach based on the localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of triangular silver nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2002 124 10596-604. 

Wang TJ, Lin CS (2006) Electro-optically modulated localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors with gold nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett 89 173903... 

Wang TJ, Hsieh CW (2007) Phase interrogation of localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors based on electro-optic modulation. Appl Phys Lett 91 13903... 

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