Surface plasmon coupled emission

Gryczynski I, Malicka J, Jiang W, Fischer H, Chan WCW, Gryczynski Z, Grudzinski W, Lakowicz JR (2005) Surface-plasmon-coupled emission of quantum dots. J Phys Chem B 109 1088-1093... 

Borejdo, J. Gryczynski, Z. Calander, N. Muthu, P. Gryczynski, I. (2006) Application of Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission to Study of Muscle. Biophysical Journal 91 2626-2635. 

Geddes, C. D., Gryczynski, I., Malicka, J., Gryczynski, Z., and Lakowicz, J. R. (2004). Directional surface plasmon coupled emission Journal of Fluorescence 14 119-123. 

Enderlein, J., and Ruckstuhl, T. (2005). The efficiency of surface-plasmon coupled emission for sensitive fluorescence detection. Opt. Express 13 8855-8865. 

The periodic arrangement adds two additional fluorescence enhancement mechanisms - increased excitation intensity due to SPP excitation (34) and modification of the radiation emission pattern. The latter effect has been referred to as "beaming" (56), or more appropriately for fluorescence, surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) (57), and results from the coupling of multiple nanocavities via the interstitial surface regions. 

GryczynskiZ, MatveevanE, Calander N, Zhang J, Lakowicz JR, Gryczynski I (2007) Surface plasmon coupled emission. Surface plasmon nanophotonics. Springer, Berlin... 

SURFACE PLASMON-COUPLED EMISSION A NEW METHOD FOR SENSITIVE FLUORESCENCE... 

In this chapter we will focus on fluorescence which couples to plasmon resonances in continuous metal surfaces, resulting in directional and wavelength-resolved emission. For the metallic surface, we used a layer with a thickness of only a few tens of nanometers rather than deposited particles. Such a metallic slide is nearly opaque, with a transmission of about 10 -30 %. The most common preparation of these mirrors is done by vapor-deposition. Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) appears to be a reverse process of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as seen in the angle-dependent absorption of thin metal films. 

Figure 6, Surface plasmon-coupled emission, F is a fluorophore.

Figure 18 shows frequency-domain intensity decays for the free-space emission (top) and the surface plasmon-coupled emission (bottom). Overall, the lifetimes of SPCE (bottom) and free-space do not differ significantly. This was an unexpected result which we do not fully understand. We carefully considered possible artifacts and the effects of sample geometry, but can only conclude that our experiments indicate that the component of SPCE that we observe occurs without a substantial change in lifetime. At present we do not understand the origin of this discrepancy. 

Figure 18. Frequency-domain intensity decays of SlOl in PVA. Top, free-space emission. Bottom, surface plasmon-coupled emission. Adopted from [30].

Front cover—Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission (SPCE). See Journal cf Fluorescence 14(1), 119-123, 2004, and chapter within... 

During these three years our enthusiasm for RDE has continually increased. Many of the early predictions have been confirmed experimentally. As one example we recently observed directional emission based on fluorophores located near a thin metal film, a phenomenon we call surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE). We see numerous applications for RDE in biotechnology, clinical assays and analytical chemistry. The technology needed to implement RDE is straightforward and easily adapted by most laboratories. The procedures for making noble metal particles and surfaces are simple and inexpensive. The surface chemistry is well developed, and the noble metals are easily tolerated by biochemistry systems. 

Gryczynski, J. Malicka, Z. Gryczynski, K. Nowaczyk, J.R. Lakowicz, Ultraviolet surface plasmon-coupled emission using thin aluminum films. Anal. Chem. 76, 4076-4081 (2004)... 

---