Palmitates

Dapalm The aluminium soap of naphthenic and palmitic acids used to gel gasoline. The thickened gasoline has been used for military flame throwers and incendiary bombs. See metallic soaps. 

SNG Substitute natural gas. soaps Sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids, particularly stearic, palmitic and oleic acids. Animal and vegetable oils and fats, from which soaps are prepared, consist essentially of the glyceryl esters of these acids. In soap manufacture the oil or fat is heated with dilute NaOH (less frequently KOH) solution in large vats. When hydrolysis is complete the soap is salted out , or precipitated from solution by addition of NaCl. The soap is then treated, as required, with perfumes, etc. and made into tablets. 

Langmuir also gave needed emphasis to the importance of employing pure substances rather than the various natural oils previously used. He thus found that the limiting area (at the Pockels point) was the same for palmitic, stearic, and cerotic acids, namely, 21 per molecule. (For convenience to the reader, the common names associated with the various hydrocarbon derivatives most frequently mentioned in this chapter are given in Table IV-1.)... 

This observation that the length of the hydrocarbon chain could be varied from 16 to 26 carbon atoms without affecting the limiting area could only mean that at this point the molecules were oriented vertically. From the molecular weight and density of palmitic acid, one computes a molecular volume of 495 A a molecule occupying only 21 A on the surface could then be about 4.5 A on the side but must be about 23 A long. In this way one begins to obtain information about the shape and orientation as well as the size of molecules. 

The term fat is applied to solid esters of fatty acids with glycerol (glycerides) if the fat is liquid at the ordinary temperature, it is conventionally called a fatty oil, vegetable oil or animal oil. The acids which occur most abundantly are palmitic ticid CH3(CHj),4COOH, stearic acid CH3(CH2)isCOOH and oleic acid CH3(CH2),CH=CH(CH2),C00H. Upon hydrolysis, fats yield glycerol and the alkali salts of these acids (soaps) ... 

Laurie acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Arachidic acid... 

Spermaceti is a wax obtained from the sperm whale It contains among other materials an ester known as cetyl palmitate which is used as an emollient in a number of soaps and cosmetics The systematic name for cetyl palmi tate IS hexadecyl hexadecanoate Write a structural formula for this substance... 

Palmitic acid [57-10-31] Palmitine P almi to di stearin Palmitoleamide... 

Separation of Fatty Acids. Tall oil is a by-product of the pulp and paper manufacturiag process and contains a spectmm of fatty acids, such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, and rosia acids, such as abietic acid. The conventional refining process to recover these fatty acids iavolves iatensive distillation under vacuum. This process does not yield high purity fatty acids, and moreover, a significant degradation of fatty acids occurs because of the high process temperatures. These fatty and rosia acids can be separated usiag a UOP Sorbex process (93—99) (Tables 8 and 9). 

The saturated fatty acids, stearic [57-11-4] and palmitic [57-10-3], are found in animal fats and dairy products. Extensive studies point to the deleterious effect of these acids on arterial walls as a result it is recommended that saturated fatty acid intake be carefully controlled and intake limited (23). 

---