Alkali salt

Acetylene Bromine, chlorine, brass, copper and copper salts, fluorine, mercury and mercury salts, nitric acid, silver and silver salts, alkali hydrides, potassium metal... 

Alkali Meta.IPhospha.tes, A significant proportion of the phosphoric acid consumed in the manufacture of industrial, food, and pharmaceutical phosphates in the United States is used for the production of sodium salts. Alkali metal orthophosphates generally exhibit congment solubility and are therefore usually manufactured by either crystallisation from solution or drying of the entire reaction mass. Alkaline-earth and other phosphate salts of polyvalent cations typically exhibit incongment solubility and are prepared either by precipitation from solution having a metal oxide/P20 ratio considerably lower than that of the product, or by drying a solution or slurry with the proper metal oxide/P20 ratio. 

Air contaminants Gases sulphur oxides, halogen compounds Mists aerosols, salt, alkalies Particulates sand, dust, grease... 

Electrochemical machining is performed in concentrated solntions of salts alkali chlorides, snlfates, or nitrates. Very high current densities are nsed hundreds or thousands of kA/m when referring to the surface area of the anodic working sections. At a current density of 10" mA/cm, the rate of iron dissolution is about 0.15 mm/min. This should also be the rate of advance of the cathode in the direction of the anode. High rates of solution flow through the working gap are used to eliminate the reaction products and heat evolved (e.g., flow rates of 10" cm/s). 

The viscosity and non-Newtonian flooding characteristics of the polymer solutions decrease significantly in the presence of inorganic salts, alkali silicates, and multivalent cations. The effect can be traced back to the repression of the dissociation of polyelectrolytes, to the formation of a badly dissociating polyelectrolyte metal complex, and to the separation of such a complex fi"om the polymer solution [1054]. 

The book on the Investigation of Perfection treats of the preparation and purification of substances or reagents which are useful for the perfecting of the metals, and the work is expressly intended to be an introduction to the main work, the Summa. It is confined to directions for purifying salt, alkali, sal ammoniac, alums, copperas, and similar salts, and to obtaining the metals in the form of solutions. These directions are invariably perfectly clear, consistent and practical, for example ... 

Copper-based thermal stabilizers are also effective photostabilizers for nylon. They can be added before polymerization, or the soluble salts (eg, CuSO can be applied to fibers as part of the finish or to fabrics as post-treatments. The effectiveness of the copper salt—alkali halide system added to prepolymer in retarding phototendering and photoyellowing of the resulting spun yam is illustrated in Figure 5. 

Table 4.93 Corrosion resistance of structural ceramics to fused salts, alkalis and low-melting oxides...

Ceramics at purity 099.5%) Fused salts - alkalies - low-temperatures oxides a ... 

With concentrated solutions of ruthenium salts, alkali chlorides effect the deposition of violet crystalline precipitates of the double chlorides. These are soluble in water only with difficulty, but are decomposed with boiling water, yielding black insoluble residues of oxychloride. 

In the presence of ammonium salts, alkali hydroxides do not precipitate cobalt(II) hydroxide at all. The same is true for solutions containing citrates or tartrates. 

The only well-established oxide of bismuth is Bi203, a yellow powder soluble in acids to give bismuth salts. It lacks acidic character and is insoluble in alkalis. From solutions of bismuth salts, alkali, or ammonium hydroxide precipitates a hydroxide, Bi(OH)3. Like the oxide, this compound is completely basic. Bismuth(V) oxide is extremely unstable and has never been obtained in pure form. The action of extremely powerful oxidizing agents on Bi203 gives a red-brown powder that rapidly loses oxygen at 100°C. 

Zinc acetate is incompatible with oxidizing agents, zinc salts, alkalis and their carbonates, oxalates, phosphates, and... 

The use of tin involves a number of difficulties. The chlorides of tin produced in the presence of an excess of hydrochloric acid give chlorostannic acid, which combines with aniline and some other arylamines to form complex double salts as shown in equation (4). In order to decompose these salts alkali is used. A great excess must be employed in order to change the stannic hydroxide, which i,s formed, to soluble sodium stannate ... 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra can yield information on magnetic properties, rotational states and of the symmetry of both the molecules and then-environment. Mostly, is used as a probe, but in alkali salts, alkali atoms as Na or Li have also been applied. The effect of molecular dynamics, including pseudorotations, on the NMR line shape is thoroughly discussed in [20,28],... 

Derivation (1) Reduction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium (Kroll process) or sodium (Hunter process) in an inert atmosphere of helium or argon. The titanium sponge is consolidated by melting. (2) Electrolysis of titanium tetrachloride in a bath of fused salts (alkali or alkaline-earth chlorides). 

Field desorption Inorganic salts Alkalis, alkaline earths... 

As can be seen in Tables 1 and 2, addition of any kind of alkali metal salts onto metal oxide depressed the original activity of the oxides for deep oxidation of CH4, but the additives favorably enhanced or furnished the catalytic activity for the oxidative coupling of CH4. This favorable effect can be ascribed to alkali metals because the effect was not confined to a special alkali metal salt. Alkali metals incorporated into the host metal oxides may inhibit the acid centers or oxidation centers which are active in deep oxidation of hydrocarbons. Moreover, the alkali metals must create basic oxygen species which can easily abstract H from CH4 giving CHy radicals. 

Incompatibility of all strychnine salts alkalies, alkali carbonates and bicarbonates, benzoates, dichromates, bromides, iodides, tannic and picric acids, salicylates, borax, gold chloride and other alkaloid precipitants, piperazine, potassium -mercuric iodide (riot if acacia is present). 

In the first stage of tiie manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate, dimethyl terephthalate (1 mole) is caused to re t with ethylene glycol (2 moles) in the presence of a catalyst. Suital catalysts are litharge, zinc salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, alkali metals or their alkoxides, etc. The catalyst concentration may vary from 0.005-0.1 per cent. The reaction begins at 150-160°C, and tiie methyl alcohol is distilled out through E. I. du Font de Nemours dc Company, Inc. 

Scoryi aCdi0alJtgtc..Vl[ Salt alkali- g.8 JirimmiacSalt.,.. Ca attSalt B ... 

The equilibrium distribution is of controlling importance in the preparation of crystalline alkali hydroxometalates. Most hydroxo salts, alkali salts in particular, rapidly decompose into their components in the presence of H3O or dilute alkali hydroxide. Only the hexahydroxo salts of Sn (IV), Pt (IV) and Sb (V) dissolve in HgO at room temperature without decomposition, whereas the other alkali hydroxometalates are stable only when they constitute the solid phase in the presence of (usually very concentrated) alkali hydroxide solution. The alkaline earth hydroxometalates are relatively sparingly soluble and hence are stable in dilute hydroxide the compound Ca[Zn(OH)3]3 2 H3O is stable even in water. The equilibrium shifts toward the reagents with temperature. 

Pyridine Forms fully miscible, water-rich azeotrope, easily split by pervaporation or vapor permeation. Final dehydration feasible. Avoids entrainers and messy salt/alkali solutions. Tetrahydrojuran Easily dehydrated by pervaporation down to a few hundred ppm of water. No messy chemicals. 

Incompatibles.—Acids acidulous salts alkalies alkaline carbonates lime water vegetable astringents. 

In the transesterification step, inorganic salts, alkali metals or their alkoxides, or Cu, Cr, Pb, or Mn metal are used. In the next step, the catalyst is not disclosed. 

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