Cetyl palmitate

Spermaceti is a wax obtained from the sperm whale It contains among other materials an ester known as cetyl palmitate which is used as an emollient in a number of soaps and cosmetics The systematic name for cetyl palmi tate IS hexadecyl hexadecanoate Write a structural formula for this substance... 

Nad lacquer removers are simply acetone or blends of solvents similar to those used Hi nad lacquers. It is commonly accepted that solvents have a dryiag effect oa aads, and nad lacquer removers are often fortified with various Hpids such as castor od [8991-79-4] or cetyl palmitate [540-10-3]. 

Spermaceti and cetyl palmitate have been widely used in the making of cosmetics, fragrant soaps, and candles. 

Spermaceti, a fragrant substance from sperm whales, was much used in cosmetics until it was banned in 1976 to protect the whales from extinction. Chemically, spermaceti is cetyl palmitate, the ester of cetyl alcohol (u-ClrtH33OH) with palmitic acid. Draw its structure. 

Petrol it. An old (1876) Dynamite contg NG 60, K or Na nitrate 16, carbon 16, sawdust 6, cetyl palmitate 1, and Na carbonate 1% (Ref 2) The same name was applied to a Ger chlorate expl introduced during WW1. It consisted of K chlorate, nitrocompds, kerosene, and neutral salts, and was considered a dangerous mixt (Ref 1)... 

Beeswax (triacontanyl palmitate) octadecyl octadecanoate (stearyl stearate) dodecyl hexadecanoate (lauryl palmitate) cetyl palmitate lanolin carnauba wax glycol distearate jojoba oil... 

Figure 12.2 Structure of waxes. The general structure of a wax is shown in which n and m are usually between 8 and 18. The structure of hexadecyl hexadecanoate (cetyl palmitate), a wax found in sperm whale oil, is shown. This is an ester of hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid and hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol).

The generally low lipid content and the poor viscosity of lipid nanodispersions make these preparations, as they are, less suitable for dermal drug application. The handling of the preparation by the patient is improved by SLN incorporation into ointments, creams, and gels. Alternatively, ready-to-use preparations may be obtained by one-step production, increasing the lipid phase to at least 30%. However, increasing the lipid frequently results in an unwanted increase in particle size. Surprisingly, it has been found that very concentrated (30 to 40%) semisolid cetyl palmitate formulations preserve the colloidal particle size [10]. 

Nonloaded and loaded SLN were already investigated with respect to use in cosmetics. Although adequate controls are difficult to prepare, first experiments indicate an increase in skin hydration and a reduction in wrinkle depth following SLN application [68]. Moreover, cetyl palmitate-nanodispersions act both as particulate ultraviolet (UV) blockers themselves and as carriers for UV absorbing agents (e.g., 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone Eusolex 4360). This results in a threefold... 

Munk, I. and Rosenstein, A. (1891). Cetyl palmitate metabolism in the rat. Virchows Archivfur Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologic undfur Klinische Medizin 123, 230. 

Others are met with as the ethereri salts of monaeid alcohols. Thus spermaceti is cetylic palmitate, and Chinese was cerylio cerotate. 

Cetyl palmitate (hexadecyl hexadecanoate) is an ester in which both the acyl group and the alkyl group contain 16 carbon atoms. 

A-2. Fats are triesters of glycerol. A typical example is tristearin, shown in the preceding problem. A wax is usually a mixture of esters in which the alkyl and acyl group each contain 12 or more carbons. An example is hexadecyl hexadecanoate (cetyl palmitate). 

The typical secondary metabolites of soft corals are diterpenoids, although some species also produce sesquiterpenoids. The sesquiterpene portion of furoquinol (Structure 2.102) is labeled by [2-3H]mevalonolactone in Sinularia capillosa,m while Heteroxenia sp. converts acetate and meva-lonate into cubebol (Structure 2.103) and clavukerin A (Structure 2.104).188 In contrast, acetate is used for cetyl palmitate synthesis in Alcyonium molle, but not for de novo diterpene biosynthesis.188... 

Solid lipids, emulsifiers, and water are generally the ingredients involved for manufacturing SLNs. The term lipids is used in a broader sense and includes triglycerides (e.g., stearin), partial glycerides (e.g., Imwitor), fatty acids (e.g., stearic acid), steroids (e.g., cholesterol), and waxes (e.g., cetyl palmitate). All categories of emulsifiers may be used to stabilize the lipid dispersion, and the combination of emulsifiers prevents particle agglomeration more efficiently. The choice of the emulsifier depends on the administration route and is more limited for parenteral administration. 

Formerly extracted from whale adipose tissue. No longer produced mid sold in accordance with international regulations concerning whale capture. Now replaced by syntiietic spermaceti made of pure cetyl palmitate or mixtures based on jojoba oil. 

Fig. 25 Determination of freezable water, using the melting peak of ice. (A) Methocel K15 M, (B) cetyl palmitate, and (C) pharmaceutical gel.

The most familar animal wax is probably lanolin, which is obtained from the wool of the sheep. It consists primarily of esters of Cig-Cie alcohols and fatty acids, sterols (cholesterol), and terpene alcohols. It is frequently used in topical preparations. Until recently, spermaceti was another commonly used animal wax. Spermaceti is obtained through the precipitation of the head oil from the sperm whale on cooling. It consists primarily of cetyl palmitate. Because of public... 

Appearance spermaceti is a waxy substance obtained from the head of the sperm whale. It consists of a mixture of the cetyl esters of fatty acids (Cia-Cis) with cetyl laurate, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, and cetyl stearate comprising at least 85% of the total esters. It occurs as white, translucent, slightly unctuous masses with a faint odor and mild, bland taste. 

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