Sodium ascorbyl palmitate

L-Ascorbic acid biosynthesis in plants and animals as well as the chemical synthesis starts from D-glucose. The vitamin and its main derivatives, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, and ascorbyl palmitate, are officially recognized by regulatory agencies and included in compendia such as the United S fates Pharmacopeia/National Formula (USP/NF) and the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC). 

Specifications for ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, and ascorbyl palmitate are found in the Umted States Pharmacopeia J National Formula ... 

The selection of an appropriate antioxidant depends on factors such as stability, toxicity, efficiency, odor, taste, compatibility with other ingredients, and distribution phenomena between the two phases. Antioxidants that give protection primarily in the aqueous phase include sodium metabisulfite, ascorbic acid, thioglycerol, and cysteine hydrochloride. Oil-soluble antioxidants include lecithin, propyl gal-late, ascorbyl palmitate, and butylated hydroxytoluene. Vitamin E has also been used, but its virtue as a natural antioxidant has been the subject of some controversy. 

For non-standardised products tocopherols, tocopherol acetate, ascorbic acid and its sodium and calcium salts, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, eiythorbic acid and stannous chloride (max. 0.0015% calculated as tin) may be used according to good manufacturing practice. 

Ascorbic acid and its sodium salt Eiythorbic acid and its sodium salt Ascorbyl palmitate... 

Sodium sulfite Ascorbyl palmitate Ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA)... 

Sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of ascorbic acids are called ascorbates and are used as food preservatives. These salts are also used as vitamin supplements. Ascorbic acid is water-soluble and sensitive to light, heat, and air. It passes out of the body readily. To make ascorbic acid fat-soluble, it can be esterified. Esters of ascorbic acid and acids, such as palmitic acid to form ascorbyl palmitate and stearic acid to form ascorbic stearate, are used as antioxidants in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. 

Ingredients Carbonated water. Concentrated fruit juices (pineapple, grapefruit) (5% when reconstituted). Citric acid. Acidity regulator (sodium citrate). Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, saccharin). Flavourings. Preservative (sodium benzoate). Antioxidants (ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate). Colour (lutein)... 

One of the main problems of topical application of vitamin C is that it is extremly unstable, so hydrophilic derivatives like sodium ascorbyl phosphate and lipophilic esters with fatty acids were synthesized to improve stability.43,44 However, an efficient increase in vitamin C levels after topical application of different ascorbic acid derivatives including magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl-6-palmitate, and dehydroascorbic acid to porcine skin could not be shown.42... 

Antioxidant Agent that inhibits oxidation and thus is used to prevent deterioration of preparations by oxidative process Ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, hypophosphorus acid, monothioglycerol, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde, sulfoxylate, sodium metabisulfite... 

Separation, identification and determination of ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbate were performed by TLC on layers of Kieselgel HF254. The determination was based on the UV absorption of the compounds and on the fluorescence of the layer. When the layer is excited with UV radiation of 254 xm, the fluorescence is quenched in the zones corresponding to the UV absorbing compounds. A direct measure of the concentration of the separated substances is therefore possible. ... 

Metal chelation Oxygen scavenging and reducing agents Singlet oxygen quenching Cirtic, Malic, Succinic and Tartaric acids Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Phosphates Ascorbic acid, Ascorbyl palmitate, Erythorbic acid. Sodium erythorbate. Sulfites Carotenoids (p-Carotene, Lycopene and Lutein)... 

Preservatives including but not limited to the following within these maximum amounts in percent by weight of the finished food Sorbic acid, benzoic acid and their sodium, potassium, and calcium salts, individually, 0.1 percent, or in combination, 0.2 percent, expressed as the acids calcium disodium EDTA, 0.0075 percent propyl, octyl, and dodecyl gallates, BHT, BHA, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, all individually or in combination, 0.02 percent stearyl citrate, 0.15 percent isopropyl citrate mixture, 0.02 percent. 

Ascorbyl palmitate erythorbic acid sodium ascorbate. 

Description, identification, specifications, and tests of L-ascorbic acid and sodium L-ascorbate are given in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia 15) and the Food Chemicals Codex 16). Similar information on palmitoyl L-ascorbic acid (ascorbyl palmitate) is contained in the Codex. Sodium ascorbate is twice as soluble in water as ascorbic acid. Ascorbyl palmitate is soluble in ethanol (25°C) at 12.5%, in hot (80°C) glycerin, propylene glycol, or decaglycerol octaoleate to 10%, in vegetable oils (25°C) at 0.01--0.1% and in water (70°C) at 0.2%. 

Crystal structures of L-ascorbic acid varying from coarse to ultrafine powder constitute the major commercial product forms of the compound, followed by special coated and granulated forms. Sodium L-ascorbate is also produced in granular and powder forms. Limited production of other forms such as calcium ascorbate and ascorbyl palmitate depend on demand of these products in specialty use applications. 

The food processing industry can obtain L-ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate commercially in a variety of mesh sizes to meet the requirements of various kinds of food products. These crystalline compounds are stable for years when stored under cool, dry conditions in closed containers. Esters of ascorbic acid such as ascorbyl palmitate are also available. 

The use of common antioxidants, such as water-soluble sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, L- and D-ascorbic acid, acetylcysteine, cysteine, thioglycerol, thioglycollic acid, thiolactic acid, thiourea, dithithreitol or oil-soluble propyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbyl palmitate, nordihydroguaiaretic add, and a-tocopherol is widely made in pharmaceutical formulations. Oxygen-sensitive substances should be screened for their compatibility with a range of antioxidants. One of the most commonly used antioxidants is metabisulfite. It should be noted that bisulfite has also been known to catalyze... 

Preservatives Antimicrobial Benzalkonium chloride Benzyl alcohol Chlorhexidine Imidazolidinyl urea Phenol Potassium sorbate 1 Benzoic acid Bronopol Chlorocresol Paraben esters Phenoxyethanol Sorbic acid Antioxidants a-Tocopherol Ascorbic acid Ascorbyl palmitate Butylated hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxytoluene Sodium ascorbate Sodium metabisulphite Chelating agents Citric acid Edetic acid... 

Unistat SOBAN 205-293-0 Busan 1020 Busan 1180 Busan 1236 Metam-sodium 205-305-4 Ascorbyl palmitate Ascorbyl Palmitate USP, FCC Grindox Ascorbyl Palmitate 205-315-9... 

Muscle tissues contain a multi-component antioxidant system consisting of lipid-soluble compounds (a-tocopherol, ubiquinone), water-soluble compounds (ascorbate, histidine-dipeptides) and enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase). Lipid oxidation in meats can be effectively controlled by the use of various phenolic compounds derived from spice extracts, by vitamin E supplementation of animal diets, and by processing of cured meat with sodium nitrite. Various natural antioxidant formulations containing mixtures of tocopherols, ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid show synergistic effects in stabilizing cooked and frozen meat. Synthetic antioxidants, BHA, TBHQ, propyl gallate (see Chapter 9) and combinations with citric acid, ascorbic acid or phosphates are also effective formulations used to retard lipid oxidation in... 

FASEB (1979) Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Ascorbate, Calcium Ascorbate, Erythorbic Acid, Sodium Erythorbate, and Ascorbyl Palmitate as Food Ingredients. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Maryland. 

The reagents were of high grade purity and were used as received. Ascorbic acid (AA), propyl gallate (PG) and their hydrophobic derivatives 6-0-ascorbyl palmitate (AA16) and lauryl gallate (LG), sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS and acetonitrile (ACN) were from Fluka, Germany. The other chemicals were from POCh, Poland. 

The addition of ascorbic acid (or sodium ascorbate or ascorbyl palmitate) to meat and meat products together with nitrites (at a level of 60-180 mg/kg), for example, in the production of ham, is of functional and economic importance as it enhances and speeds up its production considerably. The characteristic pigment of raw meat treated with nitrites, nitroxymyoglobin, is formed approximately three times faster. The addition of ascorbic acid allows the time of smoking to be shortened and stabilises the colour of the finished... 

Sodium propionate Tandem 5K Tandem 11HK Tandem 552 205-305-4 Ascorbyl palmitate Phosal 53MCT 205-324-8 Cetrlmonlum tosylate 205-341-0 dl-Llmonene 205-351-5 Ablumine 1212 Algene CL Dehyquart LDB Dehyquart LDB 50 GEM... 

The main sources of vitamin C are green vegetables and citrus fruit. Animal tissue contains vitamin C, mainly in the kidneys and liver. The level of vitamin C in food is rapidly reduced during cooking or storage due to oxidation or water dissolution. It is added to food as an antioxidant (with no specified limit on the level of use) or as a supplement (with a maximum recommended daily intake of 3000mg/day). The forms admitted are L-ascorbic acid (AA), L-ascorbyl 6-palmitate, sodium, calcium, or potassium L-ascorbate [403]. 

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