Protein-palmitate derivative membranes

Since the protein-palmitate derivative can t be dissolved in organic solvent during homogenization of lipid to form liposomal membranes, it must be inserted into intact liposomes by detergent dialysis. 

The hepatic uptake of diet-derived copper occurs via the copper transporter 1 (Ctrl), which transports copper with high affinity in a metal-specific, saturable fashion at the hepatocyte plasma membrane (Lee et al., 2001 Klomp et al., 2002). After uptake copper is bound to metallothionein (MT), a cytosolic, low molecular weight, cystein-rich, metal binding protein. MT I and MT II are ubiquitously expressed in all cell types including hepatocytes, and have a critical role to protect intracellular proteins from copper toxicity (Palmiter, 1998 Kelley and Palmiter, 1996). The copper stored in metallothionein can be donated to other proteins. Specific pathways allow the intracellular trafficking and compartmentaUzation of copper, ensuring adequate cuproprotein synthesis while avoiding cellular toxicity (Fig.21.1). 

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