Esters glyceryl

SNG Substitute natural gas. soaps Sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids, particularly stearic, palmitic and oleic acids. Animal and vegetable oils and fats, from which soaps are prepared, consist essentially of the glyceryl esters of these acids. In soap manufacture the oil or fat is heated with dilute NaOH (less frequently KOH) solution in large vats. When hydrolysis is complete the soap is salted out , or precipitated from solution by addition of NaCl. The soap is then treated, as required, with perfumes, etc. and made into tablets. 

A left-handed double-heUcal stmcture has been proposed for geUan in the crystalline state, based on x-ray diffraction studies (227). The presence of acetyl groups presumably dismpts interchain aggregation, since these groups are postulated to be on the outside of the heUces. The role played by acetyl and glyceryl ester groups and their influence on the double-heUcal stmcture has been studied using computet models (232). 

These groups were designed for use in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol phosphates, where it was desirable to be able to cleave a benzoate without cleaving a glyceryl ester. 

The glyceryl ester of clonixin, clonixeril (28), is also an antiinflammatory agent. It was prepared... 

Xue et al. [30] prepared a vaginal suppository formulation containing miconazole nitrate and determined its content by P-matrix ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The production of the suppository was finished with melting by the excipient of glyceryl esters fatty acid of artificial synthesis. Quantitative assay was conducted with a P-matrix ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The suppository was smooth and met the clinical requirement of vaginal disease treatment. The method of assay was accurate. 

Bradshaw A soapmaking process in which glyceryl esters (fats) are first converted to their corresponding methyl esters by transesterification, and then hydrolyzed. Invented by G. B. Bradshaw. 

Based on these considerations, it appears that the best calculation approach for the prediction of the solubility of fullerenes in free fatty acids and in fatty acids derivatives is granted by equation (13.18), but simply because we are reasoning a posteriori. It is evident from our calculations that the surprising solubility of fullerenes in free fatty acids and glyceryl esters of fatty acids, or which is the same in vegetable oils, was not easily predictable and expected on the basis of theoretical considerations. Only the intuition of Braun et al. (2007) (see also Cataldo and Braun, 2007) has led to this important discovery, which may have implications and applications in medicine, cosmetics and possibly also in other fields. 

Table 13.4 Solubility of C60 and C70 in natural glyceryl esters of fatty acids and derivatives... 

A few interesting glyceride prodrugs of peptides can be found in the literature. For example, the pentapeptide renin inhibitor isovaleryl-Phe-Nle-Sta-Ala-Sta was derivatized to the l,3-dipalmitoyl-2-glyceryl ester (8.40) in the hope of improving oral bioavailability [55]. The in vitro results were... 

Fatty acid esters The butyl stearate, octyl stearate, fatty acid glyceryl esters... 

Soaps are the detergents used since long. Soaps used for cleaning purpose are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids, e.g., stearic, oleic and palmitic acids. Soaps containing sodium salts are formed by heating fat (i.e., glyceryl ester of fatty acid) with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. This reaction is known as saponification. 

Conversion of the CT-glyceryl ester to its corresponding aldehyde can be achieved at acidic pH. (Adapted from Tam et al., 2001)... 

A somewhat different approach is used for the preparation of the analogue that contains a trifluoromethyl group. The scheme involves first the conversion of ort/zo-trifluoromethyl aniline (27-1) to a quinolol. The compound is thus condensed with EMME and cyclized thermally (27-2). That intermediate is then saponified the resulting acid is decarboxylated and finally converted to the 4-chloroquinoline (27-3) by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride. The displacement of chlorine with methyl anthranilate (27-4) then affords the coupled intermediate (27-5). An ester interchange of that product with glycerol leads to the glyceryl ester. There is thus obtained the NSAID flocatfenine (27-6) [31]. 

Oleic acid is used in the preparation of metallic oleates, such as aluminum oleate for thickening lubricating oils, for water-proofing materials, and for varnish dryers. The glyceryl ester of oleic add is one of the constituents of many vegetable and animal oils and tats. 

As die glyceryl ester, palmitic acid is one of the constituents of many vegetable and animal oils and fats. 

Carboxylic acids have an important practical use in the form of their metal salts as soaps. We have mentioned how fats, which are 1,2,3-propanetriol (glyceryl) esters of long-chain acids, can be hydrolyzed with alkali to give the corresponding carboxylate salts. It has been known as far back as Roman times (Pliny) that such substances have value for cleaning purposes.8 These salts have a complicated interaction with water because they are very polar at the salt end of the molecule and very nonpolar at the long-chain hydrocarbon end of the molecule. These hydrocarbon ends are not compatible with a polar solvent such as water.4... 

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