Palmitate potassium

Like most other metal carboxylates, the calcium carboxylate (Ca(RCOO)2) formed during Equation (6.19) readily forms a soap , the name arising since its aqueous solutions feel slippery and soapy to the touch. The other commonly encountered metal carboxylates are the major components of household soap, which is typically a mixture of potassium stearate and potassium palmitate (the salts of stearic and palmitic acids). 

These figures are in approximate agreement with values calculated -with the aid of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm (see p. 134) but no definite conclusions may be drawn from them since the actual area of liquid-liquid interface in all probability was variable being dependent on the amount of emulsifying agent present. More recently the quantity of various soaps required to form a stable emulsion of kerosene in water has been determined by Grifiin (J.A.C.8. XLV. 1648, 1923) for sodium oleate, potassium stearate and potassium palmitate and by der Meulen and Riemann ibid. XLVI. 876, 1924) for sodium ricinoleate. 

The examination of the electrolytic conductivity of soap solutions has, however, indicated that they are relatively good conductors and the conductivity concentration curve exhibits the interesting property of a definite minimum. The values for the specific conductivity of potassium palmitate are (McBain and Martin, J.G.S. ov. 967, 1914) plotted in the following curve. 

In another set of surfactant systems comprised of 50% potassium stearate (KS) and water, 50% potassium palmitate (KP) and water, and 50% 1 1 KS/l-octadecanol (KSO) and water, the Norrish II reactions of the homologous series of 2- and sym-alkanones (2-105 and s-105, respectively, with n as the total number of carbon atoms in the alkanone) have been investigated [309]. 

Another satisfactory process for the determination of total hardness, based on a somewhat similar principle, is due to Blacher.4 The water is first titrated with decmormal hydrochloric acid until it is neutral to methyl orange, as in the method described above for temporary hardness. After the removal of the carbon dioxide by a current of air, the methyl orange is bleached by the addition of a drop of bromine water a little phenolphthalein and a few drops of alcoholic potassium hydroxide are added, the liquid is just decolorised with dccinormal hydrochloric acid and is then titrated with an alcoholic decmormal solution of potassium palmitate until a decided red colour is produced. The quantity of the potassium palmitate solution required is proportional to the total hardness. 

Similar results to those obtained here by the stability measurements have been reported by Roe and Brass (7.8) They studied polystyrene latex stabilized by potassium palmitate. The analysis supplied by these authors shows that the order of magnitude of the slope of the stability curves can be accounted for as an entropic effect of crowding of adsorbed molecules during an encounter between two particles. They pointed this out as a possible explanation as the amount of emulsifier adsorbed strongly affects the stability without altering the electrophoreti-cally derived double-layer potential. 

As commercially made by the saponification of fats, soaps are not pure chemical individuals but consist of a mixture of the alkali-metal salts of the several fatty acids contained as esters in the original fat or oil. The composition of soap, therefore, depends upon the composition of the fat from which it is made. As the common fats and oils which are used for this purpose contain, mostly the glycerol esters of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, the common soaps are mixtures of sodium, or potassium, palmitate, stearate and oleate. We shall consider now,... 

The simplest lyotropic system is exemplified by the behavior of a fatty acid salt in water thus, using potassium palmitate, McBain and Marsden (24) identified three phases an isotropic micellar solution, a turbid, viscous coagel, and an intermediate region. These phases exist because of the amphiphilic property of the fatty acid salt which has a hydrophilic polar group and a water-insoluble hydrocarbon chain any substance of similar structure can behave as an amphiphile. If water is used as the solvent, a considerable number of substances capable of forming equilibrated phases can thus be identified predictably from their molecular structure salts of fatty acids, ionic and nonionic detergents, phosphatides, and many others. 

Mixtures of fatty acid salts are used as soaps. Sodium palmitate—stearate mixtures are solid at room temperature, and the corresponding potassium salt mixtures are fluid, although only potassium palmitate has been crystallized at room temperature. Metal carboxylates hydrolyze in water and release hydroxyl ions on the skin s surface. Soaps with fewer than 12 carbon atoms therefore bite. This happens with nonpurified soaps as obtained from fats containing fractions. Longer alkyl chains produce soft soaps, since they are not soluble as monomers in water and the surface liquids of the skin (sebum, sweat). Sulfonates, on the other hand, do not show such differences because they are always present as fully dissociated salts at physiological pH values and produce no hydroxyl ions. Allergic reactions to commercial soaps are mostly not caused by the fatty acids but by additives, such as perfumes. 

Prepare an O.lM calcium chloride solution, also a standard soap solution. For the latter, an 0.04M solution of potassium palmitate is highly satisfactory. It can be made by dissolving the required amount of pure palmitic acid in n-propyl alcohol, adding somewhat less than its equivalent of potassium hydroxide dissolved in n-propyl alcohol, adding to the solution an equal volume of water and a little phenolphthalein, and completing the neutralization with aqueous potassium hydroxide until the phenophthalein is just turned pink. The solution when ready should contain about equal amounts of water and n-propyl alcohol. 

Hexadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol. See Glyceryl palmitate Hexadecanoic acid, potassium salt. See Potassium palmitate... 

Potassium palmitate PPG-15 PPG-2-buteth-2 PPG-22 butyl ether PPG-30 butyl ether Propylene glycol dicocoate Propylene oxide Sperm oil Starch acetate Starch, oxidized Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide Trichloroethylene Trioctyl phosphate Tripotassium EDTA Vinyl acetate Vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymer adhesive, food-contact Hydroabietyl alcohol Phenoxy resin Polybutene Propylene glycol soyate... 

Magnesium silicate Magnesium stearate Magnesium trisilicate D-Mannitol Microcrystalline cellulose Polydimethylsiloxane Potassium acid tartrate Potassium caprate Potassium caprylate Potassium ferrocyanide Potassium laurate Potassium myristate Potassium oleate Potassium palmitate Potassium silicate... 

Potassium laurate Potassium metaphosphate Potassium myristate Potassium oleate Potassium palmitate... 

Potassium cornate Potassium laurate Potassium lauryl sulfate Potassium myristate Potassium oleate Potassium palmitate Potassium stearate Potassium tallate Potassium tallowate ... 

PEG-8 sesquilaurate PEG-8 sesquioleate PEG-40 sorbitan hexaoleate PEG-40 sorbitan laurate PEG-6 sorbitan oleate PEG-40 sorbitan peroleate PEG-6 sorbitan stearate PEG-40 sorbitan stearate PEG-40 sorbitan tetraoleate PEG-4 stearate PEG-6 stearate PEG-20 stearate PEG-32 stearate PEG-40 stearate PEG-100 stearate PEG-4 tallate PEG-8 tallate PEG-14 tallate PEG-16 tallate PEG-20 tallate Pentaerythrityl dioleate Pentaerythrityl distearate Pentaerythrityl hydrogenated rosinate Pentaerythrityl tetracocoate Pentaerythrityl tetralaurate Pentaerythrityl tetraoleate Pentaerythrityl trioleate Petroleum distillates o-Phenylphenol PoloxamerlOl Poloxamer 105 Poloxamer 108 Poloxamer 122 Poloxamer 123 Poloxamer 183 Poloxamer 212 Poloxamer 215 Poloxamer 284 Potassium castorate Potassium cocoate Potassium cornate Potassium laurate Potassium myristate Potassium oleate Potassium palmitate... 

Methyl oleate Methyl palmitate Methyl stearate Mineral oil Myristic acid Myristyl alcohol Naphtha Nonoxynol-3 Nonylphenol Oleic acid Olive (Olea europaea) oil Palmitic acid Palm (Elaeis guineensis) kernel oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) oil PEG-8 cocoate PEG-12 dioleate PEG-15 oleate PEG-15 rosinate PEG-40 stearate Petrolatum Petroleum hydrocarbons, odorless, light Petroleum wax Pine (Pinus palustris) oil Poloxamer 105 Poloxamer 108 Poloxamer 122 Poloxamer 123 Poloxamer 181 Poloxamer 182 Poloxamer 183 Poloxamer 212 Poloxamer 215 Poloxamer 217 Poloxamer 237 Poloxamer 284 Poloxamer 338 Poloxamer 407 Polyethylene Polyethylene, oxidized Potassium castorate Potassium cocoate Potassium cornate Potassium laurate Potassium myristate Potassium oleate Potassium palmitate Potassium stearate PPG-15 PPG-20 PPG-26 PPG-22 butyl ether PPG-24 butyl ether PPG-33 butyl ether PPG-40 butyl ether Propylene glycol soyate Rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil Rosin Rosin, polymerized Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil Sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil Silica Silica, amorphous Silica, fumed Silicone emulsion Sodium castorate Sodium cocoate Sodium laurate Sodium myristate Sodium tallow sulfate... 

Potassium carrageenan Potassium citrate Potassium furcelleran Potassium laurate Potassium myristate Potassium oleate Potassium palmitate Potassium pectinate Potassium phosphate Potassium phosphate dibasic Potassium phosphate tribasic Potassium polyphosphate Potassium sodium tartrate Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate Potassium stearate... 

Polyethylene terephthalate Potassium cornate Potassium laurate Potassium myristate Potassium palmitate... 

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