Amyrin palmitates

Lobelia contains 14 alkaloids, of which lobeline is the most significant (figure 4.13). Other alkaloids include lobelanine, lobelanidine, norlobelanine, and isolobinine. Another relevant chemical that is isolated from the leaves of lobelia is beta-amyrin palmitate. 

Another psychoactive constituent of lobelia, beta-amyrin palmitate, causes a release of norepinephrine in mouse brain synaptosomes, possibly releasing it from newly synthesized pools (Subarnas et al. 1993b). 

Antidepressant Some animal models show antidepressant effects of lobelia extract (Subarnas et al. 1992). Similar to imipramine and mianserin, beta-amyrin palmitate shows antidepressant-like effects in the forced-swimming test (Subarnas et al. 1993a). Whereas mianserin and beta-amyrin palmitate reduce locomotor activity induced by methamphetamine, imipramine increases it. It potentiates sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep more potently than imipramine, but less than mianserin. Collectively, the effects of beta-amyrin palmitate in behavioral and physiological assays suggests it may work in a manner more similar to mianserin than imipramine. However, the mechanism of antidepressant-like effects of lobelia is uncertain. It may be through the beta-amyrin palmitate s ability to release norepinephrine (Subarnas et al. 1993b). An antidepressant effect of lobelia has not been established in humans. 

Subarnas A, Tadano T, Kisara K, Ohizumi Y. (1993c). An alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanism of hypoactivity induced by beta-amyrin palmitate. J Pharm Pharmacol. 45(11) 1006-8. 

Sambucus formosana Nakai Hu Gu Xiao (Leaf) Alpha-amyrin palmitate.56 Detoxicant, stop swelling, diuretic, relieve pain. 

Amyrin palmitate Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceae) T NE-REL [antidepressant]... 

Elder leaf contains sambunigrin (a cyano-genic glucoside) at 0.042% concentration, according to one source choline rutin and quercetin sterols (sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol) triterpenes (a- and P-amyrin palmitates, oleanohc acid, and ursohc acid) alkanes (mainly -nonacosane and... 

One study found that samhuculin A and a-and P-amyrin palmitate from S. formosana have antihepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. 

It also contains resin, gum, fats, chelidonic acid, p-amyrin palmitate, and others (karrer LIST AND horhammer martindale). ... 

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