Starch palmitate

Starch palmitate is prepared by treating 1 part of starch in a mixture of 4 parts of benzene and 1.8 parts of pyridine with 6 parts of palmitoyl chloride and 4 parts of benzene for thirty minutes at 60° and precipitating the product with ethanol. Quinoline may be substituted for the benzene and pyridine. Because of the high boiling point of quinoline, an elevated esterification temperature can be used and triesters produced in about three hours. 

Starch esters have been obtained by reactions of starch and carboxylic or sulfonic acid imidazolides in aqueous NaOH or nonaqueous solutions, as described in reference [226]. The esterification of dextran with butyric or palmitic acid using CDI in DMSO or formamide is discussed in reference [174]. 

Anticaking agents commonly used include calcium carbonate, phosphate, silicate, and stearate cellulose (microcrystalline) kaolin magnesium carbonate, hydroxide, oxide, silicate, and stearate myristates palmitates phosphates silica (silicon dioxide) sodium ferrocyanide sodium silicoa-lummale and starches. 

The gelatinization temperature of ragi starch varied from 62 to 70 °C. Palmitic acid was the predominant fatty acid in starch granules while oleic acid was predominant in the bound fraction (Wankhede et al., 1979). The size of... 

Aqua, ammonium lactate, aluminium starch octenylsuccinate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, isopropyl palmitate, polymethyl... 

Specifications for ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, and ascorbyl palmitate are found in the UnitedSfates Pharmacopeia/NationalFormu/a (71) and the Food Chemicals Codex (72). The official assay for all four compounds is the iodimetric titration with 0.1 iodine solution and starch as the indicator. 

When the A-fraction from corn starch is potentiometrically titrated with iodine, its affinity for the latter is sharply reduced in the presence of small amounts of fatty acid. Thus the iodine adsorption of recrystallized A-fraction (originally 18.7%) is reduced to 12.4%, 3.5% and 0% by the addition respectively of 2%, 5% and 10% of palmitic acid. Raw corn starch contains approximately 0.66% of fatty acids, corresponding to approximately 2% on the basis of the linear A-fraction. Thus, a third of the linear component in raw com starch is inactivated. In a sense, Taylor and coworkers were correct in assuming an association between a-amylose and fatty acid, but they erred in presuming the combination to be an ester. 

A membrane cell recycle reactor with continuous ethanol extraction by dibutyl phthalate increased the productivity fourfold with increased conversion of glucose from 45 to 91%.249 The ethanol was then removed from the dibutyl phthalate with water. It would be better to do this second step with a membrane. In another process, microencapsulated yeast converted glucose to ethanol, which was removed by an oleic acid phase containing a lipase that formed ethyl oleate.250 This could be used as biodiesel fuel. Continuous ultrafiltration has been used to separate the propionic acid produced from glycerol by a Propionibacterium.251 Whey proteins have been hydrolyzed enzymatically and continuously in an ultrafiltration reactor, with improved yields, productivity, and elimination of peptide coproducts.252 Continuous hydrolysis of a starch slurry has been carried out with a-amylase immobilized in a hollow fiber reactor.253 Oils have been hydrolyzed by a lipase immobilized on an aromatic polyamide ultrafiltration membrane with continuous separation of one product through the membrane to shift the equilibrium toward the desired products.254 Such a process could supplant the current energy-intensive industrial one that takes 3-24 h at 150-260X. Lipases have also been used to prepare esters. A lipase-surfactant complex in hexane was used to prepare a wax ester found in whale oil, by the esterification of 1 hexadecanol with palmitic acid in a membrane reactor.255 After 1 h, the yield was 96%. The current industrial process runs at 250°C for up to 20 h. 

Bayberry Bark, Candleberry bark) myrica myrtle wax barry wax tallow shtub. Dried root batk of Myrica cerifera L., Myricaceae. Habit. Maryland to Florida, west to Texas and Arkansas. Comfit Acrid and astringent resin, myricic acid, tannin, red coloring matter, gum, starch. Bayberry wax consists of palmitic, myristic and Laurie acid esters. 

Acetol Acetylated lanolin alcohol Acetulan . Acetylated lanolin alcohol binder for pressed powders emollient, plasticizer, cosolvent, NV and sebum solvent for personal care products lubricant for clay, talc, and starch stabilizer for lanolin solubilizer in Aerosols penetrant and spreading agent. Pale yellow oil d 0.867 miscible with mineral oil, castor oil, vegetable oil, i-PrOH, EtOH, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate. Amerchol. 

Hydrolysis of Fats and Starches. The acceleration of hydrolysis of fats by alkali under pressure of 100 atm has long been known and practiced. In general, the rate of hydrolysis of the glycerides of stearic, palmitic, etc., acids increases in the order tri-, di-, and monoglyceride. 

Miladinov et al. reported the preparation of starch-fatty acid esters by reactive extrusion of plasticized starch and acid anhydrides (acetic, propionic, heptanoic and palmitic anhydrides) in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst [87]. Starch esters have been prepared by REX using maleic anhydride (MA) as a cyclic dibasic acid anhydride in the presence of 20 wt% glycerol as plasticizer. This material was melt-blended with biodegradable polyester. 

The matrix solution contains a protective colloid, usually gelatin, which is adsorbed in a thin layer on the surface of the carotenoid particles which are thus made hydrophilic and can form stable dispersions in water at suitable pH. Depending on the nature of the further processing, the matrix solution also contains additives, for example natural antioxidants such as tocopherol and ascorbic acid, emulsifiers such as lecithin and ascorbyl palmitate, and sugar and starch to improve the mechanical properties of the end products. 

Definition Monoester of glycerin and a blend of palmitic and stearic acids Empirical C63H116O12 Properties Nonionic Uses Emollient, stabilizer, emulsifier, dispersant for cosmetics food emulsifier starch complexer excipient in tablets lubricant, and binder in pharmaceuticals suspending agent thickener defoamer in... 

Starfoi CP. See Cetyl palmitate Starfoi iS. See Isostearyl isostearate Starfoi OO. See Oleyl oleate Starfoi OS. See Octyidodecyl stearate Starfoi Wax CG. See Cetyl esters Starlicide. See 3-Chloro-p-toluidine Star-Mine BTSN, Star-Mine CA. See Cellulase Starpoi 136 Starpoi 410 Starpoi 468,469, 600 Starpoi 700, 800. See Com (Zea mays) starch... 

Potassium palmitate PPG-15 PPG-2-buteth-2 PPG-22 butyl ether PPG-30 butyl ether Propylene glycol dicocoate Propylene oxide Sperm oil Starch acetate Starch, oxidized Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide Trichloroethylene Trioctyl phosphate Tripotassium EDTA Vinyl acetate Vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymer adhesive, food-contact Hydroabietyl alcohol Phenoxy resin Polybutene Propylene glycol soyate... 

Pyrophyllite Starch Starch, pregelatinized Sucrose palmitate Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed oil diluent, plastic coatings Polyester acrylate resin... 

Myristyl propionate Neopentyl glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate Neopentyl glycol diheptanoate Octyl palmitate Passionflower (Passiflora incamata) oil PEG-75 lanolin PPG-14 butyl ether PPG-5-ceteth-20 PPG-50 oleyl ether Stearoxy dimethicone Stearoxytrimethylsilane emollient, aq. alcoholic systems Diisopropyl adipate PPG-5-ceteth-20 emollient, aq. compositions PPG-12-PEG-50 lanolin emollient, aq. lubricants PEG-150 distearate emollient, aq. paints PEG-150 distearate emollient, baby care Acetylated lanolin alcohol emollient, baby powders Potato (Solanum tuberosum) starch Rice (Oryza sativa) starch emollient, baby preps. 

Sodium phosphoaluminate Sodium sorbate Starch, pregelatinized Zinc hydrosulfite paper/paperboard, aq./fatty food-contact Acrylates/VA copolymer Adipic acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer Adipic acid/epoxypropyl diethylenetriamine, copolymer Aluminum acetate Aluminum myristates/palmitates... 

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