Glycerol with fatty acid

Oils and fats are mixtures of triglycerides, also known as triacylglycerols. They are basically esters of glycerol with fatty acids, and contain smaller amounts of other compounds, which include sterols and vitamins. 

Fats and oils, constituted by acylglycerolipids, represent a major subgroup of lipids. They are the most common class of medium-size molecules produced by living organisms. They are the main constituents of the storage fat cells in plants and animals. They have quite a similar chemical composition, as they are mainly composed of triglycerides, triesters of glycerol with fatty acids (FAs). 

Today, glycerol has over 2000 different applications, in cosmetics, pharmaceutics, foods and drinks, tobacco, paper, inks and printing colors, the production of phthalic and maleic alkyd resins and crosslinked polyesters, and as a hydraulic agent. Polyglycerols have a wide range of applications as emulsifiers, and technical esters of glycerol with fatty acids are used as synthetic lubricants [4]. 

A fat is a solid (at room temperature) triester of glycerin (glycerol) with fatty acids (long-chain carboxylic acids). An oil is similar to a fat however, an oil is a liquid at room temperature. The general structure of fats and oils appears in Figure 16-27. 

Fats and oils are made up predominantly of triesters of glycerol with fatty acids and commonly are called triglycerides (TGs). The designations fats and oils are used merely for convenience, in that customarily at ambient temperatures fats are solids and oils are liquids. Both classes of compounds are triglycerides, differing only in melting point. 

Pouilloux, Y., Abro, S., Vanhove, C., and Barrault, J. 1999. Reaction of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of ion-exchange resins preparation of monoglycerides. J. Mol. Cata. A Chem.,149,243-254. 

Glyceryl monooleate is prepared by the esterification of glycerol with fatty acids, chiefly oleic acid. As the fatty acids are not pure substances, but rather a mixture of fatty acids, the product obtained from the esterification will contain a mixture of esters, including stearic and palmitic. Di- and tri-esters may also be present. The composition and, therefore, the physical properties of glyceryl monooleate may thus vary considerably from manufacturer to manufacturer e.g., the melting point may vary from 10-35°C. 

Figure 1 (a) Esters of glycerol with fatty acids can be hydrolyzed by the different types... 

Thus, glycerol, the most important starter for the synthesis of polyether polyols for flexible PU foams and for polyether for rigid foams is produced by the hydrolysis of natural triglycerides (esters of glycerol with fatty acids with C6 to C22 carbon atoms), from vegetable or animal resources (reaction 17.1) [1]. Large quantities of glycerol appear in bio-diesel production, by transesterification of natural oils with methanol. 

Experimental Oils. DAG was prepared by esterifying glycerol with fatty acids from soy bean oil using 1,3-specific lipase and purified by silicic acid chromatography (12). Of the total fatty acids in DAG oil emulsion used in this study, 90% existed as the 1,3-DAG and 1,2-DAG isomers in a ratio of 7 3, whereas <10% of total fatty acids were TAG. The TAG oil emulsion was prepared by mixing rapeseed and safflower oils to make the fatty acid composition almost the same as that of the DAG oil (Table 1). The combustion energies of DAG and TAG measured using a bomb calorimeter did not differ (9.1 kcal/g). 

E475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids Emulsifier, texture modifier Compound of polymerized glycerol with fatty acids... 

Practically all the oils and fats used in soap-making consist of mixtures of these compounds of glycerol with fatty acids, which invariably occur in nature in the form of triglycerides. 

Lipozyme AOT Na-oleate Esterification of glycerol with fatty acids [125,126]... 

Acylglycerols (or acylglycerides) comprise the mono-, di- or triesters of glycerol with fatty acids (Table 3.1). They are designated as neutral lipids. Edible oils or fats consist nearly completely of tri-acylglycerols. 

It may be recalled that diesel derived from fossil fuel is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with about 13-17 carbon atoms. Plant-based oils are basically a mixture of triglycerides, i.e., esters of glycerol with fatty acids. The number of carbon atoms in these acids is comparable to... 

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