Oxidants manganese

Manganese Oxides. Manganese(IV) dioxide rarely corresponds to the expected stoichiometric composition of Mn02, but is more reahsticaHy represented by the formula MnO y 2 q, because invariably contains varying percentages of lower valent manganese. It also exists in a number of different crystal forms, in various states of hydration, and with a variety of contents of foreign ions. 

Metal depositors. Metal-depositing bacteria oxidize ferrous iron (Fe ) to ferric iron (Fe ). Ferric hydroxide is the result. Some bacteria oxidize manganese and other metals. Gallionella bacteria, in particular, have been associated with the accumulation of iron oxides in tubercles. In fact, up to 90% of the dry weight of the cell mass can be iron hydroxide. These bacteria appear filamentous. The oxide accumulates along very fine tails or excretion stalks generated by these organisms. 

Manganoxyd, n. manganese oxide, specif, manganic oxide, manganese (III) oxide. — rotes mangano-manganic oxide, manganese-(II,III) oxide. 

Manganoxydul, n. manganous oxide, manganese (II) oxide. — schwefelsaures —, man-ganoiis sulfate, manganese (II) sulfate. 

The purple color of old bottles exposed to the sun for a long time is due to Mn04 ions. These are formed when ultraviolet light oxidizes manganese compounds in the glass. 

Secondary Titanium Oxide-Manganese Oxide Batteries... 

Table 17. Specifications of secondary titanium oxide-manganese oxide batteries...

Catalogue of secondary titanium oxide -manganese oxide batteries, Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd., 1996. 

Knowledge of stoichiometry of the induced reaction could help to distinguish whether chromium(V) or chromium(IV) species are involved in the oxidation of benzaldehyde. Thus, the Cr(V) hypothesis predicts that for each molecule of benzaldehyde oxidized two molecules of manganese dioxide should be formed, whereas the Cr(IV) predicts that one molecule of manganese dioxide should be formed for each two molecules of benzaldehyde oxidized. Unfortunately, the attempt to determine the stoichiometry of the induced reaction failed because the oxidized manganese species was not precipitated during the reaction presumably due to formation of acetate complexes in the concentrated acetic acid solution. 

Chlorinated paraffins, Lead(IV) oxide, Manganese(IV) oxide See Lead(IV) oxide Carbon black, etc. 

Aluminium oxide, arsenic trioxide, bismuth trioxide, calcium oxide, chromic oxide, lanthanum oxide, lead dioxide, magnesium oxide, manganese dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, stannic oxide, sulfur dioxide (explodes), tantalum pentoxide, tungsten trioxide, vanadium pentoxide. 

Manganese deficiency occurs principally in soils with a high pH or calcareous soils since Mn in these soils is mostly present in insoluble oxides. Manganese deficiency has been found for more than 20 crops including oats, rye, wheat, rice, maize, peas, soy beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, sugar beets, tea, sugar-cane, pineapples, pecans, peaches, spinach, citrus, and a number of forest trees (Table 7.8) (Sillanpaa, 1982). The critical DTPA-extractable Mn for Mn deficiency has been suggested to be 1.6-3.9 mg/kg, and soils with up to 5.2-6.5 mg/kg DTPA-extractable Mn has been considered to indicate susceptibility (Sillanpaa, 1982). 

Hitachi Cable Ltd. (35) has claimed that dehydrogenation catalysts, exemplified by chromium oxide—zinc oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide—manganese oxide inhibit drip and reduce flammability of a polyolefin mainly flame retarded with ATH or magnesium hydroxide. Proprietary grades of ATH and Mg(OH)2 are on the market which contain small amounts of other metal oxides to increase char, possibly by this mechanism. 

The 02(aq) reacted with the Mn11, forming a colloidal precipitate of oxidized manganese, likely composed of a mixture of Mnm and MnIv. We can write this reaction in a simple form as,... 

Gregory, E. Staley, J.T. 1982. Widespread Distribution of Ability to Oxidize Manganese Among Freshwater Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44, 509-511. 

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