Manganese oxides, composition

Thackeray, M.M, C.S, Johnson, J.T, Vaughey, N. Li, and S.A. Hackney, Advances in manganese-oxide composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2005, 15(23) pp, 2257-2267... 

Grover, S., Shekhar, S., Sharma, R.K., Singh, G., 2014. MultiwaUed carbon nanombe supported polypyrrole manganese oxide composite supercapacitor electrode Role of manganese oxide dispersion in performcmce evolution. Electrochim. Acta 116,137-145. 

It should be noted that as naturally occurring sediments, there is a wide variation in iron and manganese oxide composition and transitional assemblages are certain to occur. In addition ... 

Zhu XJ, Guo ZP, Zhang P, Du GD, Poh CK, Chen ZX, Li S, Liu HK (2010) Three-dimensional reticular tin-manganese oxide composite anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 55 4982 986... 

Manganese Oxides. Manganese(IV) dioxide rarely corresponds to the expected stoichiometric composition of Mn02, but is more reahsticaHy represented by the formula MnO y 2 q, because invariably contains varying percentages of lower valent manganese. It also exists in a number of different crystal forms, in various states of hydration, and with a variety of contents of foreign ions. 

Seredych M, Bandosz TJ. Manganese oxide and graphite oxide/Mn02 composites as reactive adsorbents of ammonia at ambient conditions, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2012, 150, 55-63. 

Table 18.1 Average Compositions of the Earth s Upper Continental Crust, Shale, Iron-Manganese Oxides, Phosphorite, and Various Types of Marine Sediments (All in Units of ppm. Unless Noted otherwise), along with Seawater and a Hydrothermal Vent Solution from the East Pacific Rise (both in Units of 10 g L ). 

The form of nickel in particles from different industries varies. The mineralogical composition, chemical content, and form of dusts from nine industries in Cracow, Poland, were examined (Rybicka 1989). The chemical form of a particle-associated heavy metal that was assessed by a five-step extraction scheme classified the metal as exchangeable, easily reducible (manganese oxides, partly amorphous iron oxyhydrates and carbonates), moderately reducible (amorphous and poorly crystallized iron oxyhydrates), organically bound or sulfidic, and residual. Dusts from power plants had a silicate characteristic with quartz and mullite predominant. Approximately 90% of the nickel from these... 

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