Oxidation with manganese-containing compounds

The modified cephalosporin ceftobiprole (31-8), yet another compound that contains a double bond at the ring carbon, though in this case with a rather complex extended side chain, has shown activity in the clinic against some strains of multidrug resistant bacteria. The synthesis starts with the weU-precedented acylation of the cephalosporin (31-2), available in several steps from the commercially available 7-acetoxy cephalosporanic acid, with the activated thiadiazole carboxylic acid (31-1). The hydroxyl group in the product (31-3) is then oxidized with manganese dioxide to afford the corresponding aldehyde (31-4). This product is then condensed with the fcw-pyrrolidyl phosphonium salt (31-5), itself protected with the... 

The present work deals with manganese oxidic nano-particles prepared by a novel technique, namely the hydrolysis of a multinuclear manganese complex [16] as well as their catalytic activity vis a vis other manganese containing compounds like perovskites and conventionally prepared manganese oxide. 

Barek J, Berka A, Pokorna A (1979) Oxidation of organic substances with manganese(lll). Compounds XII. Oxidation of citric acid hexaaquamanganese(II) ion in a noncomplex perchloric acid medium. Coll Czechoslov Chem Comm 44 2603-2611 Prasad G (1965) A kinetic study of redox system containing citric acid and manganic acetate. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 38 882-883... 

Reduction of the 1,3-dithiolium cation with hexacarbonylvanadate anion yields the colourless dimer (46), which can be oxidized to tetrathiafulvalene with manganese dioxide. Reduction of 2-methylthio-l,3-dithiolium salts with sodium borohydride and treatment of the resulting 2-methylthio-l,3-dithiole with fluoroboric acid provides a convenient small-scale preparation of 1,3-dithiolium fluoroborate. The method has been extended to the preparation of l-selena-3-thiolium and 1,3-diselenolium fluoroborates. For large-scale preparation of the 1,3-dithiolium cation, the route involving peroxy-acid oxidation of l,3-dithiole-2-thione and isolation of the hexafluorophosphate is recommended. This method fails with selenium-containing compounds. ... 

If a water sample contains both soluble and insoluble manganese (Mn) compounds and ions, and it is filtered to separate the dissolved and insoluble fractions, and the filtrate and insoluble residue are analyzed separately, the results can be expressed as total dissolved Mn and total suspended or insoluble Mn. Phosphorus (P) can be determined colorimet-rically as the ortho-phosphate ion, P043, in aqueous samples after a reaction that forms an intensely blue-colored derivative. However polyphosphate ions and other ions and compounds containing P do not form this derivative. Total P in a sample can be determined with the same colorimetric procedure after acid hydrolysis and oxidation of all ions and compounds containing P to P04 3. In some elemental analyses the sample is treated with reagents designed to make available for measurement some fraction of an element or elements but not the total amount. For example, a soil sample may be treated with water at pH 3 to simulate the leaching process of acid rain. A total elemental analysis of the filtrate provides information about just those elements solubilized by the mild acid treatment. This can be called the determination of total mild acid leachable elements. 

Special considerations zinc oxide decreases thermal stability combination of zinc oxide with carbon black reduces UV stability high concentrations of TiO2 or carbon black are needed to improve UV stability, at lower concentrations these fillers will reduce UV stability copper-containing compounds, iron salts, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, lead salts reduce thermal stabihty of PVC (also fillers containing these metals) sand was found to protect PVC from UV degradation calcium carbonate interferes with radiation crosslinking of... 

In order to overcome certain difficulties such as the dissipation of heat and the use of inflammable mixtures, certain liquid phase processes have been proposed for the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons and compounds. In such a process 100 the aromatic hydrocarbons or their halogenated derivatives are treated with air or gas containing free molecular oxygen in the liquid phase at temperatures above ISO0 C. and under pressure in the presence of a substantial quantity of liquid water. A small quantity of such oxidation catalysts as oxides or hydroxides of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron or oxides of manganese, cerium, osmium, uranium, vanadium, chromium and zinc is used. The formation of benzaldehyde from toluene is claimed for the process. 

---