Oxides Insoluble

Foulants enter a cooling system with makeup water, airborne contamination, process leaks, and corrosion. Most potential foulants enter with makeup water as particulate matter, such as clay, sdt, and iron oxides. Insoluble aluminum and iron hydroxides enter a system from makeup water pretreatment operations. Some well waters contain high levels of soluble ferrous iron that is later oxidized to ferric iron by dissolved oxygen in the recirculating cooling water. Because it is insoluble, the ferric iron precipitates. The steel corrosion process is also a source of ferrous iron and, consequendy, contributes to fouling. 

Soluble organically complexed Carbonate Mn oxide Insoluble Organic Amorphous Fe oxide Crystalline Fe oxide Residual... 

Na2C03 Pt For dissolving silicates (clays, rocks, minerals, glasses), refractory oxides, insoluble phosphates, and sulfates. 

Aeration towers are often simply constructed wooden towers, similar to a spray tower, with or without the benefit of a forced-air draft, over which the well water is distributed in order to promote the formation of fully oxidized, insoluble iron and manganese. Usually an aeration tower has a number of shallow coke-filled trays, which act as a catalyst for the further precipitation of iron and manganese salts. These salts can be readily oxidized provided there is sufficient alkalinity present. If in doubt, ensure that there is a minimum of 120 to 150 ppm total alkalinity (TAlk or MAlk) as CaCC>3. 

The hydrocarbon chain in fuels, oils, and lubricants is considerably shorter than in polymeric materials and produces, on oxidation, insoluble tars requiring the presence of antioxidants performing antisludgc action.- " It is also worth noting that Mannich bases used as antioxidants and detergents are ashlcss, a property that is of great importance in additives used in this type of application. 

Properties Bluish-green powder, decomposes at approximately 300C to copper oxide. Insoluble in water, alcohol, and acetic acid soluble in ammonium hydroxide. 

CAS 8012-74-6. An insecticide containing arsenic trioxide, aniline, lime, and ferrous oxide insoluble in water. 

Dehydrogenation with iV-bromosuccinimide transforms the formazans of oxidized polysaccharides into their tetrazolium derivatives. In an alkaline medium, these colorless or cream-colored compounds readily revert to the bright-red formazans, as with the simple tetrazolium compounds. The formazans of oxidized, soluble polysaccharides (for example, dextran, or soluble starch) yield soluble tetrazolium derivatives, and those of oxidized, insoluble polysaccharides (for example, cellulose, or xylan) give insoluble compounds. 

Manganese(II) oxide is a basic oxide, insoluble in water but dissolving in acids to give pale pink solutions containing [Mn(H20)g]. The oxidation of Mn(II) compounds in acidic solution requires a powerful oxidant such as periodate, but in alkaline media, oxidation is easier because hydrous Mu203 is far less soluble than Mn(OH)2. Thus, when alkali is added to a solution of a Mn(II) salt in the presence of air, the white precipitate of Mn(OH)2 that initially forms rapidly darkens owing to atmospheric oxidation. 

Phosphides and other unreactive inorganic compounds are best detected and estimated as orthophosphates after suitable oxidation. Insoluble rocks and minerals are usually fused with sodium carbonate or sodium peroxide to secure conversion into soluble orthophosphates. Alternatively dissolution with HF and HCIO4 may be employed. 

SVBR-75/100 (Russian Federation) hydrogen regeneration of lead oxides, insoluble impurities filtration ... 

Concentrated HNO3 rapidly converts tin into meta-tin(IV) hydrous oxide, insoluble in acids ... 

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