Lithium-manganese oxide

Low-temperatnre methods provide yielding of lithium-manganese oxides with more oxidized manganese cations since manganese ions are stable preferentially as at lower temperatnre. 

Thackeray M.M., de Kock A., David W.I.F. Synthesis and structural characterization of defect spinels in the lithium-manganese-oxide system. Mat. Res. Bull. 1993 28 1041-... 

Buhrmester, T., and Martin, M., X-ray absorption investigation on the ternary system lithium manganese oxide. Solid State Ionics, 135, 267, 2000. 

Zhang, Y.C., Wang, H., Xu, H.Y. et ah. Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of spinel-type lithium manganese oxide nanocrystallites. Solid State Ionics, 158, 113, 2003. 

Ohzuku, T., Ueda, A., and Hirai, T., Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn02) as cathode for secondary lithium cell, Chem. Express, 1, 193, 1992. 

Gummow, R.J., Liles, D.C., and Thackeray, M.M., Lithium extraction from orthorhombic lithium manganese oxide and the phase transformation to spinel. Mater. Res. Bull, 28, 1249, 1993. 

Shiraishi Y, Nakai I, Tsubata T, Himeda T, Nishikawa F (1999) Effect of the elevated temperature on the local stracture of lithium manganese oxide studied by in situ XAFS analysis. J Power Sources 82 571-... 

Various materials are used for production of the three main components of a lithium ion battery. Research and development of these materials is where the automotive chemist is severely needed. The main components of the battery are the electrolyte, cathode, and anode. For the cost imperative, graphite is used most often in the anode. The cathode is typically a layered lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium manganese oxide. Other materials, such as TiS2, have been used [18]. Of course, properties vary depending on the choice of anode, cathode, electrolyte, etc. 

K. Amine, J. Liu, S. Kang, 1. Belharouak, Y. Hyung, D. Vissers, G. Hendiiksen, J. Power Sources 2004,129,14-19. Improved lithium manganese oxide spinel/graphite Li-ion cells for high-power applications. 

C. M. Julien, M. Massot, Lattice vibrations of materials for lithium rechargeable batteries 1. Lithium manganese oxide spinel. Materials Science and Engineering B 2003, 97, 217-230. 

The most common intercalation compounds employed by LPBs are vanadium oxide, V60i3(5, 11-14), vanadium bronze, LiVsOs (15-18), titanium disulphide, TiS2[12], titanium dioxide, Ti02[19] and lithium-manganese-oxide spinel Lii+xMn2O4[20]. The amount of lithium which can be reversibly intercalated in the various cited compounds, namely the value of X in equation [6.2], varies from case to case. Accordingly, the value... 

Rossouw MH, Thackeray MM (1991) Lithium manganese oxides from Li2Mn03 for rechargeable lithium battery applications. Mat Res Bull 26 463 73... 

Paik Y, Grey CP, Johnson CS, Kim J-S, Thackeray MM (2002) Lithium and deuterium NMR studies of acid-leached layered lithium manganese oxides. Chem Mater 14 5109-5115... 

Gummow RJ, de Kock A, Thackeray MM (1994) Improved capacity retention in rechargeable 4 V lithium/lithium manganese oxide (spinel) cells. Sol State Ionics 69 59-67... 

Tucker MC, Reimer JA, Cairns EJ (2002) A 7Li NMR study of capacity fade in metal-substituted lithium manganese oxide spinels. J Electrochem Soc 149 A574—A585... 

Wang El (1998) Method of treating lithium manganese oxide spinel. US Patent 5,783,328... 

Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn204), sometimes referred to as spinel after its structure type... 

Compared to NCM and NCA, the production process for lithium manganese oxide (LMO) (Manganese spinel) does not require a reactor for precursor materials, band filters or dryers. Moreover, a low level of investment is necessary in wastewater management and utility equipment. 

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