Surface area Layered manganese oxides

The freshly precipitated manganese and iron oxides which precipitate at an oxic-anoxic boundary within the lake water column or in the top layers of the sediment, form small particles with high surface area they cause an additional scavenging at... 

Figure 3 shows a comparison between non fired D and fired F samples. The non-fired sample displays a high surface area due to the manganese oxide layer. The X-rays diffraction permits to identify the badly crystallized phase Na0.7MnO2.05 as the major phase which covers the substrate (the mullite difftaction peaks are very weak). After firing, an important weight loss is... 

Stripped Matrix. For use in all LRRs except V, W, X, and Y. A layer starting within 15 cm (6 in.) of the soil surface in which iron/manganese oxides or organic matter have been stripped from the matrix, exposing the primary base color of soil materials. The stripped areas and translocated oxides or organic matter form a faint diffnse splotchy pattern of two or more colors. The stripped zones are 10% or more of the volnme they are rounded and approximately 1-3 cm (0.5-1 in.) in diameter (Figure 3.25). 

Ultrafine metal fiber matrix of titanium dioxide deposited electrochemicaHy acts as double-layer electrode with wide specific surface area. Next, a metal oxide such as ruthenium oxide, rubidium oxide, iridium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, or vanadium oxide can be deposited onto substrate by electrodeposition. 

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