Manganese oxides, names

This approach has been adopted by the Battery Division of Tadiran Ltd in Israel which is producing a rechargeable lithium battery under the trade name of Tadiran in-charge . This battery, manufactured in a standard A A size, uses a lithium metal negative, a lithiated manganese oxide positive... 

EQCM provides in situ measurement of mass changes accompanying electrochemical processes, namely, absorption, electrodeposition, electrocrystallization, electrodissolution, intercalation, electrochromism, etc. Studies dealing with, for instance, manganese oxides (Wu et al., 1997) and fullerenes (Bond et al., 2000, 2001) illustrate the capabilities of such technique in the context of the electrochemistry of porous materials. 

Besides acids and bases, there is a third kind of oxides, namely, such as have neither acid nor basic properties. They are called indifferent oxides, and sometimes superoxides as, for example, peroxide, properly superoxide of manganese. 

Synonyms/Trade Names Manganese oxide. Manganomanganic oxide. Trimanganese tetraoxide. 

Table 3.1 Names, formulas, channel structures and pore sizes of manganese oxide and Mo-V oxide OMS...

The most common intercalation compounds employed by LPBs are vanadium oxide, V60i3(5, 11-14), vanadium bronze, LiVsOs (15-18), titanium disulphide, TiS2[12], titanium dioxide, Ti02[19] and lithium-manganese-oxide spinel Lii+xMn2O4[20]. The amount of lithium which can be reversibly intercalated in the various cited compounds, namely the value of X in equation [6.2], varies from case to case. Accordingly, the value... 

The present work deals with manganese oxidic nano-particles prepared by a novel technique, namely the hydrolysis of a multinuclear manganese complex [16] as well as their catalytic activity vis a vis other manganese containing compounds like perovskites and conventionally prepared manganese oxide. 

Although there are numerous families of lamellar solids, only a handful of them exhibit the kind of versatile intercalation chemistry that forms the basis of this book. In arriving at the content of this volume, the editors have accurately identified six classes of versatile layered compounds that are at the forefront of materials intercalation chemistry, namely, smectite clays, zirconium phosphates and phos-phonates, layered double hydroxides (known informally as hydrotalcites or anionic clays ), layered manganese oxides, layered metal chalcogenides, and lamellar alkali silicates and silicic acids. Graphite and carbon nanotubes have not been included, in part because this specialty area of intercalation chemistry is limited to one or two molecular layers of comparatively small guest species that are capable of undergoing electron transfCT reactions with the host structure. 

Unlike cobalt and nickel, manganese does not form a stable, pure LiMn02 phase and forms the spinel structure instead, named after the mineral of spinel (Table 1.3) with the composition of Lio.5Mn02, conunonly expressed as LiMn204. Manganese-based cathode materials are attractive mainly due to their low cost compared to cobalt and nickel. A wide variety of the hthiated manganese oxides with multiple structures and compositions (Li Mn 0 ratios) exist and many of these compounds can reversibly intercalate lithium, but amongst these materials, spinel materials and the layered derivatives are the most mature, to the point of commercial availability. Spinel-stractured materials will be discussed separately in the next part of this chapter. 

Bixbyite is a black cubic manganese oxide mineral of composition Mn203, which often contains appreciable iron. Discovered by Penfield and Foote (1897) and named after the American mineralogist M. Bixby, bixbyite forms as opaque cubic crystals with metalhc lustre or as granular masses. It is a relatively rare mineral and occurs in the oxidised portions of manganese... 

Manganite is a black manganese oxide hydroxide mineral with chemical composition MnO(OH). Its name is derived from its composition and it forms as sub-metallic orthorhombic or fibrous crystals, or with massive form. 

The name umber is derived from the Latin ombra (shadow) and describes simply the colour of a pigment, useful for the rendition of shadows. Subsequently the name umber has been applied to a rock with a significant manganese oxide content but variable composition. Consequently there is a minefield of terminology concerning the description and classification of umber pigments in historical texts which differ, in some cases widely, from the geological classification of the raw material, umber sediments. 

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