Fibroblasts human

Phosphorothioates generally protect normal tissues more than tumors. Tumor protection reported in some animal studies can pardy be explained by physiological effects of the particular dmgs, which are specific to rodents (4). WR-2721 does not appear to protect human and most animal tumors, apparentiy because of the low availabiUty of the dmg to tumor cells (4). Many tumors appear to have a reduced capillary density (44), which may mean that these tumors have altered levels of alkaline phosphatase, the enzyme that converts WR-2721 to WR-1065. A reduced abiUty of thiols to protect the hypoxic cells characteristic of many tumors may also contribute to their selectivity for normal tissues. The observation that WR-1065 protects cultured normal human fibroblasts, but not fibrosarcoma tumor cells, suggests that additional factors may contribute to the selectivity of radioprotection by WR-2721 m vivo (18). 

A 2-h incubation with another PGE2 analogue, nocloprost (9P-chloro-DMPG) protects normal human fibroblasts but has no effect on the survival of colon adenocarcinoma cells exposed to 10 Gy (1000 rad) (218). Nocloprost protects against radiation-induced DSBs in normal cells but not in tumor cells. Moreover, incubation using nocloprost for 2 h after irradiation enhances the rate of DSB rejoining in fibroblasts but not in adenocarcinoma cells. These data possibly reflect a different distribution of PG receptors on the plasma membrane of the two cell types. 

Protease nexin (From cultured human fibroblasts) [148263-58-5], Purified by affinity binding of protease nexin to dextran sulfate-Sepharose. [Farrell et al. Biochem J 237 707 1986.]... 

VR Iyer, MB Risen, DT Ross, G Schuler, T Moore, JCF Lee, JM Trent, LM Staudt, J Hudson Jr, MS Boguski, D Lashkari, D Shalon, D Botstem, PO Brown. The transcriptional program m the response of human fibroblasts to serum. Science 283 83-87, 1999. 

Imidazole antimycotics, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are potent inhibitors of various cytochrome P450-isoenzymes that also affect the metabolism of retinoids. They were fust shown to inhibit the metabolism of RA in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. When tested in vitm liarazole, a potent CYP-inhibitor, suppressed neoplastic transformation and upregulated gap junctional communication in murine and human fibroblasts, which appeared to be due to the presence of retinoids in the serum component of the cell culture medium. Furthermore, liarazole magnified the cancer chemopreventive activity of RA and (3-carotene in these experiments by inhibiting RA-catabolism as demonstrated by absence of a decrease in RA-levels in the culture medium in the presence of liarazole over 48 h, whereas without liarazole 99% of RA was catabolized. In vivo, treatment with liarazole and ketoconazole reduced the accelerated catabolism of retinoids and increased the mean plasma all-irans-RA-concentration in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and other cancels. 

In another study, the original repetitive Cio, (AGAGAGPEG)io, center was reconstructed into nine repeats of AGAGAGPEG with three distributed repeats of the RGD sequence. The new triblock protein, composed of acidic and basic terminal domains in addition to the reconstructed central block, has been shown to support adhesion, spreading, and polarization of human fibroblast cells [82]. Triblock polypeptides that facilitate antibody binding have also been reported [83]. 

Chojkier, M., Houghim, K., Solis-Hemizo, J. and Brenner, D.A. (1989). Stimulation of collagen gene expression by ascorbic acid in cultured human fibroblasts A role for lipid peroxidation J. Biol. Chem. 264, 16957-16962. 

Garke, G., Radtschenko, I., and Anspach, F. B., Continuous-bed chromatography for the analysis and purification of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor, /. Chromatogr. A, 857, 137, 1999. 

The shaking of protein solutions may lead to aggregation and precipitation as a result of several mechanisms, such as air oxidation, denaturation at the interface, adsorption to the vessel, or mechanical stress. These possibilities were systematically examined for solutions of human fibroblast interferon [50]. In this example, mechanical stress was identified as the causative factor in the inactivation. The proposed mechanism of inactivation by mechanical stress was through orientation of the asymmetrical protein in the... 

Scott R. W., Eaton D. L., Duran N., Baker J. B. Regulation of extracellular plasminogen activator by human fibroblasts. The role of protease nexin. J Biol Chem 1983 258,4397-403. 

Marcy AI, Eiberger LL, Harrison R, Chan HK, Hutchinson NI, Hagmann WK, Cameron PM, Boulton DA, Hermes JD. Human fibroblast stromelysin catalytic domain expression, purification and characterization of a C-terminally truncated form. Biochemistry 1991 30 6476-6483. 

Moy FJ, Pisano MR, Chanda PK, Urbano C, Killar LM, Sung M-L, Powers R. Assignments, secondary structure and dynamics of the inhibitor-free fragment of human fibroblast collagenase. J Biomol NMR 1997 10 9-19. 

Bartoki N, Winkler FK, Williams DH, D Arcy A, Broadhurst MJ, Brown PA, Johnson WH, Murray EJ. Structure of the catalytic domain of human fibroblast collagenase complexed with an inhibitor. Nat Struct Biol 1994 1 106-110. 

Moy FJ, Chanda PK, Chen JM, Cosmi S, Edris W, Skotnicki JS, Wilhelm J, Powers P. NMR solution structure of the catalytic fragment of human fibroblast collagenase complexed with a sulfonamide derivative of a hydroxamic acid compound. Biochemistry 1999 38 7085-7096. 

Spurlino JC, Smallwood AM, Carlton DD, Banks TM, Vavra KJ, Johnson JS, Cook ER, Falvo J, Wahl RC, Pulvino TA, Wendoloski JJ, Smith DL. 1.56 A Structure of mature truncated human fibroblast collagenase. Proteins 1994 19 98-109. 

Pagano, M., Pepperkok, R., Lukas, J., Baldin, V., Ansorge, W Bartek, J., and Draetta, G. (1993). Regulation of the cell cycle by the cdk2 protein kinase in cultured human fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 121 101-111. 

Comings DE 1966 Centromere absence of DNA replication during chromatid separation in human fibroblasts. Science 154 1463-1464... 

Hiwasa T, Arase Y, Chen Z, et al. Stimulation of ultraviolet-induced apoptosis of human fibroblast UVr-1 cells by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. FEBS Lett 1999 444 173-176. 

Eichler, O, H Sies, and W Stahl. 2002. Divergent optimum levels of lycopene, beta-carotene and lutein protecting against UVB irradiation in human fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 75(5) 503-506. 

Interestingly, while it has been reported that the inhibition of cell growth by carotenoids in colon (Palozza et al., 2001b, 2007a) as well as in prostate (Williams et al., 2000) adenocarcinoma cancer cells was independent of p53 and p21 status, HL-60 cells increased their p21 expression as a consequence of the treatment with p-carotene (Palozza et al., 2002b). In addition, the antiproliferative effects of P-carotene required p21 expression in human fibroblasts (Stivala et al., 2000). In contrast, mammary and endometrial cancer cells decreased p21 levels, following lycopene treatment (Nahum et al., 2001). 

Stivala, L.A., Savio, M., Quarta, S. et al. 2000. The antiproliferative effect of beta-carotene requires p21wafl/ cipl in normal human fibroblasts. Eur J Biochem 267 2290-2296. 

Wester K, Andersson A, Ranefall P, et al. Cultured human fibroblasts in agarose gel as a multi-functional control for immunohistochemistry. Standardisation of Ki67 (MIB1) assessment in routinely processed urinary bladder carcinoma tissue. J. Pathol. 2000 190 503-511. 

Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Yamanaka S et al (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131 861-872... 

Protonated N-hydroxy arylamines have also been proposed to be ultimate carcinogens for the urinary bladder (16,17,140,141) since urine pH is slightly acidic in a number of species (14,142). Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies have shown that increased urine acidity and decreased frequency of urination are predictive of relative species susceptibility to urinary bladder carcinogenesis (142) and neoplastic transformation of cultured human fibroblasts by N-hydroxy arylamines is greatly enhanced by incubation at pH 5 as compared to pH 7 (143). 

M. Nordstrom and T. Kjellstrom, Age dependency of cystathione beta-synthase activity in human fibroblasts in homocysteinemia and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 94, 213-221 (1992). 

HSV in human fibroblasts was detected using biotin-labeled HSV DNA probes, streptavidin-HRP complex, and enhanced CL substrate reagent for HRP [56], The presence of HSV DNA was observed in cells infected with clinical samples known to contain the HSV virus fixed at 48 h postinfection, with a sharp topographical localization and a good preservation of cellular morphology. 

LOX-dependent superoxide production was also registered under ex vivo conditions [55]. It has been shown that the intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide to rats stimulated superoxide production by alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. O Donnell and Azzi [56] proposed that a relatively high rate of superoxide production by cultured human fibroblasts in the presence of NADH was relevant to 15-LOX-catalyzed oxidation of unsaturated acids and was independent of NADPH oxidase, prostaglandin H synthase, xanthine oxidase, and cytochrome P-450 activation or mitochondrial respiration. LOX might also be involved in the superoxide production by epidermal growth factor-stimulated pheochromo-cytoma cells [57]. 

In an in vitro assay with cultured human fibroblasts, aniline produced only marginal increases in sister chromatid exchanges at the highest dose tested, 10 mM whereas two metabolites of aniline, 2-aminophenol and jV-phenylhydroxylamine, doubled the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges at the highest tested nontoxic concentration, 0.1 mM (Wilmer et al. 1981). 

There is no conclusive evidence from studies of cancers in dye workers that aniline is the causative agent. Two known metabolites of aniline induced sister chromatid exchange in the single study with cultured human fibroblasts. No studies on possible reproductive or developmental effects in humans associated with aniline exposures were located. 

Wilmer, J.L., A.D.Kligerman, and G.L.Erexson. 1981. Sister chromatid exchange induction and cell cycle inhibition by aniline and its metabolites in human fibroblasts. Environ. Mutagen. 3 627-638. 

IFN-a, -P and -y are all known to induce the enzyme in various animal cells. However, in human epithelial cells the kinase is induced only by type I interferons, whereas none of the interferons seem capable of inducing synthesis of the enzyme in human fibroblasts. The purified kinase is highly selective for initiation factor eIF-2, which it phosphorylates at a specific serine residue. 

Hepatitis A vaccine exemplifies vaccine preparations containing inactivated viral particles. It consists of a formaldehyde-inactivated preparation of the HM 175 strain of hepatitis A virus. Viral particles are normally propagated initially in human fibroblasts. 

Vogt, B. L. and Rossman, T. G., Effects of arsenite on p53, p21 and cyclin D expression in normal human fibroblasts—a possible mechanism for arsenite s comutagenicity, Mutat. Res., 478, 159, 2001. 

Oya-Ohta, Y., Kaise, T., and Ochi, T., Induction of chromosomal aberrations in cultured human fibroblasts by inorganic and organic arsenic compounds and the different roles of glutathione in such induction, Mutat. Res., 357, 123, 1996. 

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