Cyclins cyclin

In yeast, the MAP kinase Fus3 induces cell cycle arrest via the degradation of cyclins, Clnl and Cln2. The mitotic cyclins (CYCLIN) are cell cycle proteins that bind the protein kinase Cdc2 during interphase... 

Reynard, G. J., Reynolds, W., Verma, R., and Deshaies, R. J. (2000). Cksl is required for G(l) cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase activity in budding yeast. Mol Cell Biol 20,5858-64. 

Protocols Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Other Factors, edited by Antonio Giordano and Gaetano Romano, 2004 284. Signal Transduction Protocols, Second Edition, edited by Robert C. Dickson and Michael D. Mendenhall, 2004... 

The protein kinase responsible for phosphorylation at the C-terminus is localized in TFIIH. It has been shown (Shiekhattar et al., 1995) that TFIIH contains a Ser/Thr-spe-cific protein kinase termed CDK7 (or M015). CDK7 belongs to the family of cychn-dependent protein kinases (see 14.2.1). The cognate cyclin, cyclin H, is also foimd in TFIIH. 

The G]/S cyclins include the D and E type cyclins the M phase specific cyclins include the B type cyclins. Cyclins of type A are active in S, G2 and M phases. 

Resveratrol exerts antitumor effects partly by arresting the growth of various cancer cells in culture [Kundu and Surh, 2004]. The inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a biochemical hallmark of tumor promotion, has been shown to account for the antiproliferative and antitumor effects of resveratrol [Schneider et al., 2000 Ulrich et al., 2007]. Aberrant changes in cell-cycle machinery are considered as the biochemical basis of abnormal proliferation of transformed cells. Major cell-cycle regulatory proteins include various cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), Cdk inhibitors, and check point kinases (Chkl... 

Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Other Factors, edited by Antonio Giordano and Gaetano Romano, 2004... 

Cyclin-Cdks were appropriately named the cell cycle s engines . The cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks) are soluble serine/threonine kinases of 34-40 kDa. The Cdks share with other serine/threonine protein kinases sequence similarities, including a subset of residues that is essential for catalytic activity. Cdks contribute the catalytic subunit, whereas the regulatory subunit is contributed by a cyclin. Cyclins control the kinase activity, determine the substrate specificity and the subcellular location of Cdks. Each of these processes is a potential site of regulation. The major substrates of the Cdks are proteins regulating gene transcription. Cdks can be controlled in three major ways ... 

A sequence of cyclin-cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) activities triggers the orderly progression of cell-... 

Cell cycle regulation Growth factors and their receptors, Cyclins, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), MAPKs, HSP90, CDC37, pl6 Cancer, Osteoarthritis... 

Once a cell progresses past a certain point In late Gi, called the restriction point, It becomes Irreversibly committed to entering the S phase and replicating Its DNA (see Figure 21-28). D-type cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and the Rb protein are all elements of the control system that regulate passage through the restriction point. 

Cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases in higher eukaryotes - In higher eukaryotes, there are several "cyclin-dependent kinases" and a number of cyclins to associate with them. Each transition in the cell cycle appears to have a unique cyclin/kinase complex as its trigger. A simplified view of the roles of these proteins in mammalian cells is shown in Figure 28.16. The cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 is involved in the entrance to S-phase, and cdc2, with cyclins A and B, regulates mitosis. 

Cyclins Cyclin D Translocation Amplification Nucleus Nucleus Lymphoma Breast, liver, esophageal cancer... 

Chang MW, Barr E, Lu MM, Barton K, Leiden JM (1995) Adenovirus-mediated over-expression of the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model pf balloon angioplasty. J Clin Invest 96 2260-2268... 

The compound sanguinarine inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in several lymphoma cell lines (Hussain et al. 2007). Sanguinarine has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in the membrane of chick embryos (Eun and Koh 2004). In human prostate cancer cell lines, the compound sanguinarine caused cell cycle blockade and apoptosis by modulation of cyclin kinase inhibitor-cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase machinery (Adhami et al. 2004). 

Sanguinarine causes cell cycle blockade and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma cells via modulation of cyclin kinase inhibitor-cyclin-cyclin-dejjendent kinase machinery. 

A family of proteins called cyclin-dependent serine/threonine protein kinases (CDKs) constitutes pivotal regulator proteins governing the transition from one cell cycle phase to the next. CDKs are activated at specific cell cycle points. Positive regulation of CDK activity occurs through association with proteins called cyclins. Cyclins are produced at each of the cell cycle phases and form protein complexes with their CDK partners. Mutations within genes encoding for CDKs and/or associated cyclins have been often found in tumors. 

The hyper-proliferation of tumor is a highly regulated process that progresses like normal cells through the four phases of cell cycle - Gl, S, G2, and M - which are controlled by cell cycle regulatory proteins. These include cyclins (cyclin A, B, Ds, or E), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK CDKl, 2, 4, or 6), and associated CDK inhibitors (CKI) such as p27 p53, and phosphorylated retino-... 

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