Arrest cell cycle

Apoptotic executioner caspases (caspase-3, -6, -7) constitute a subgroup of the caspase family. These proteases are the workhorses of the apoptotic process as they are responsible for cleaving many down-stream substrates important for cellular morphology, organelle homeostasis, cell cycle arrest, and regulation of transcription and translation. 

Many anticancer agents currently in use, including chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, are potent inducers of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. It is believed that induction of these molecular pathways is central to the efficacy of such agents [1]. Genetic and epigenetic alterations that contribute to tumorigenesis... 

Cell-cycle arrest is the status of a cell population in which progression through the cell division cycle has been halted as a result of checkpoint activation. 

Cell Cycle Control. Figure 3 The DNA damage checkpoint. In response to DNA damage cells activate p53 dependent and independent checkpoint pathways leading to cell cycle arrest at G1/S and G2/M allowing DNA repair. If the cellular damage cannot be repaired, cells can initiate apoptosis. 

Senescence is defined as cellular ageing resulting in an irreversible cell cycle arrest. Primary cells divide about 50 times and then are arrested due to senescence. Senescence is associated with shortening of telomeres. 

Cell Adhesion Molecules Cell-cycle Arrest Cell Cycle Checkpoints Cell Cycle Control Cell Division Cycle Cell Multiplication Cell Proliferation Cellular Immmunity Central Core Disease (CCD)... 

TULLiEZ J and terce f (2000) Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT29 human colon cancer cells . Cancer Res, 60 1426-33. 

SPINOZZI F, PAGLIACCI M C, MIGLIORATI G, MORACA R, GRIGANI F, RICCARDI C, NICOLETTI I (1994) The natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein produces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurkat T-leukemia cells. LeukRes. 18 431-9. 

SAKAMOTO K (2000) Synergistic effects of thearubigin and genistein on human prostate tumor cell (PC-3) growth via cell cycle arrest . Cancer Lett, 151 (1), 103-9. 

PALOZZA P, SERINI S, MAGGIANO N, ANGELINI M, BONINSEGNA A, DI NICUOLO F, RANELLETTI F O and CALVIELLO G (2002) Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines by P-carotene through down-regulation of cyclin A and Bcl-2 family proteins , Carcinogenesis, 23, 11-18. 

In a few cases, the synthesis was directed towards well-defined oligomers (dimers, trimers, etc.). The synthesis of bis(5,7,3, 4 -tetra-0-benzyl)-EC 4/1,8-dimer from 5,7,3, 4 -tetra-0-benzyl-EC and 5,7,3, 4 -tetra-0-benzyl-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-EC was described by Kozikowski et al. [41]. This compound exhibited the ability to inhibit the growth of several breast cancer cell fines through the induction of cell cycle arrest in the Gq/Gi phase. Analogously, procyanidin-B3, a condensed catechin dimer, has been obtained through condensation of benzylated catechin with various 4-0-alkylated flavan-3,4-diol derivatives in the presence of a Lewis acid. This reaction led to protected procyanidin-B3 and its diastereomer. In particular, octa-O-benzylated procyanidin-B3 has been produced with high levels of stereoselectivity and in excellent isolation yields [42]. 

Hoyt, M. A., Totis, L and Roberts, B. T. (1991). S. cerevisiae genes required for cell cycle arrest in response to loss of microtubule function. Cell 66 507-517. 

Burton PBJ, Raff MC, Kerr P, Yacoub MH, Barton PJR 1999 An intrinsic timer that controls cell-cycle withdrawal in cultured cardiac myocytes. Dev Biol 216 659—670 Chen X, Ko LJ, Jayaraman L, Prives C 1996 p53 levels, functional domains, and DNA damage determine the extent of the apoptotic response of tumor cells. Genes Dev 10 2438—2451 Duesbery NS, Choi T, Brown KD et al 1997 CENP-E is an essential kinetochore motor in maturing oocytes and is masked during mos-dependent cell cycle arrest at metaphase II. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 9165-9170... 

Responses to DNA damage in Xenopus cell death or cell cycle arrest... 

Hwang, E. S. and P. E. Bowen. 2004. Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by lycopene in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. J Med Food 7(3) 284-289. 

Cell cycle arrest only at 5 pM—S phase change from 45% to 29%... 

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