Cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases

Reynard, G. J., Reynolds, W., Verma, R., and Deshaies, R. J. (2000). Cksl is required for G(l) cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase activity in budding yeast. Mol Cell Biol 20,5858-64. 

Protocols Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Other Factors, edited by Antonio Giordano and Gaetano Romano, 2004 284. Signal Transduction Protocols, Second Edition, edited by Robert C. Dickson and Michael D. Mendenhall, 2004... 

Resveratrol exerts antitumor effects partly by arresting the growth of various cancer cells in culture [Kundu and Surh, 2004]. The inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a biochemical hallmark of tumor promotion, has been shown to account for the antiproliferative and antitumor effects of resveratrol [Schneider et al., 2000 Ulrich et al., 2007]. Aberrant changes in cell-cycle machinery are considered as the biochemical basis of abnormal proliferation of transformed cells. Major cell-cycle regulatory proteins include various cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), Cdk inhibitors, and check point kinases (Chkl... 

Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Other Factors, edited by Antonio Giordano and Gaetano Romano, 2004... 

A sequence of cyclin-cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) activities triggers the orderly progression of cell-... 

Cell cycle regulation Growth factors and their receptors, Cyclins, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), MAPKs, HSP90, CDC37, pl6 Cancer, Osteoarthritis... 

Once a cell progresses past a certain point In late Gi, called the restriction point, It becomes Irreversibly committed to entering the S phase and replicating Its DNA (see Figure 21-28). D-type cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and the Rb protein are all elements of the control system that regulate passage through the restriction point. 

Cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases in higher eukaryotes - In higher eukaryotes, there are several "cyclin-dependent kinases" and a number of cyclins to associate with them. Each transition in the cell cycle appears to have a unique cyclin/kinase complex as its trigger. A simplified view of the roles of these proteins in mammalian cells is shown in Figure 28.16. The cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 is involved in the entrance to S-phase, and cdc2, with cyclins A and B, regulates mitosis. 

Chang MW, Barr E, Lu MM, Barton K, Leiden JM (1995) Adenovirus-mediated over-expression of the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model pf balloon angioplasty. J Clin Invest 96 2260-2268... 

The compound sanguinarine inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in several lymphoma cell lines (Hussain et al. 2007). Sanguinarine has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in the membrane of chick embryos (Eun and Koh 2004). In human prostate cancer cell lines, the compound sanguinarine caused cell cycle blockade and apoptosis by modulation of cyclin kinase inhibitor-cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase machinery (Adhami et al. 2004). 

Figure 13.30 Ribbon diagram of the structure of Src tyrosine kinase. The structure is divided in three units starting from the N-terminus an SH3 domain (green), an SH2 domain (blue), and a tyrosine kinase (orange) that is divided into two domains and has the same fold as the cyclin dependent kinase described in Chapter 6 (see Figure 6.16a). The linker region (red) between SH2 and the kinase is bound to SH3 in a polyproline helical conformation. A tyrosine residue in the carboxy tail of the kinase is phosphorylated and bound to SH2 in its phosphotyrosine-binding site. A disordered part of the activation segment in the kinase is dashed. (Adapted from W. Xu et al.. Nature 385 595-602, 1997.)...

A number of kinase structures have been determined in various catalytic states. For example, structures of the cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK2, in its inactive state and in a partially active state after cyclin binding have been discussed in Chapter 6. The most thoroughly studied kinase is the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase the structure of both the inactive and the active... 

Cell Cycle Control. Figure 1 Cell cycle regulation by Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). Different cyclins bound to different CDKs promote the transition from one cell cycle phase into another. CDK-dependent phosphorylation of Rb is required to release active E2F transcription factors, which promotes entry into S phase. 

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Glycogen Synthetase Kinase p56 Lymphoid T Cell Tyrosine Kinase Protein Kinase CK2 (Casein Kinase II)... 

Figure 36-21. Schematic illustration of the points during the mammalian cell cycle during which the indicated cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are activated. The thickness of the various colored lines is indicative of the extent of activity.

Table 36-7. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases involved in cell cycle progression.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is a nonconventional cdk which plays important roles in the neuronal survival. Supernatants from HIV-infected macrophages... 

Desai, D Gu, Y and Morgan, D. O. (1992). Activation of human cyclin-dependent kinases in vitro. Mol. Biol. Cell 3 571-582. 

Sebastian, B., Kakizuka, A., and Hunter, T. (1993). Cdc2M2 activation of cyclin-dependent kinase by dephosphorylation of threonine-14 and tyrosine-15 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 3521-3524. 

Yasuda, H., Nakata, T., Masayuki, M., Honda, R., Nakamura, M Ninomija-Tsuji, J., Yamashita, M., Nagahama, Y., and Ohba, Y. (1992). Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) in the murine cdc2 kinase TS mutant Som. Cell Mol. Gen. 18 403-408. 

Barres BA, Lazar MA, Raff MC 1994 A novel role for thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid in timing oligodendrocyte development. Development 120 1097-1108 deNooij JC, Letendre MA, Hariharan IK 1996 A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, Dacapo, is necessary for timely exit from the cell cycle during Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 87 ... 

Durand B, Gao FB, Raff M 1997 Accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27/ Kipl and the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. EMBO J 16 306-317 Durand B, Fero ML, Roberts JM, Raff MC 1998 p27Kipl alters the response of cells to mitogen and is part of a cell-intrinsic timer that arrests the cell cycle and initiates differentiation. Curr Biol 8 431-440... 

Hong Y, Roy R, Ambros V 1998 Developmental regulation of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor controls postembryonic cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegant. Development 125 3585—3597... 

Kiyokawa H, Kineman RD, Manova-Todorova KO et al 1996 Enhanced growth of mice lacking the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor function of p27(Kipl). Cell 85 721—732 KondoT, RaffM 2000a The Id4 HLH protein and the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. EMBO J 19 1998-2007... 

Kondo T, Raff M 2000b Oligodendrocyte precursor cells reprogrammed to become multipotential CNS stem cells. Science 289 1754-1757 Lane ME, Sauer K, Wallace K, Jan YN, Lehner CF, Vaessin H 1996 Dacapo, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, stops cell proliferation during Drosophila development. Cell 87 1225-1235... 

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