Cyclins, mitotic

APC is active from mid-M phase (anaphase) to the end of G1 phase and required for disconnecting sister chromatids and exit from M-Phase to Gl. The complex mediates the ubiquitination of Securin and Cyclin B. Degradation of these proteins, which block mitotic progression, promotes anaphase onset and exit from mitosis. 

Galaktionov, K., and Beach, D. (1991). Specific activation of cdc25 tyrosine phosphatases by B-type cyclins evidence for multiple roles of mitotic cyclins. Cell 67 1181-1194. 

Based on the functional analysis of Cdkl and Cdk2 complexes, we have proposed a model for the conversion of the mitotic cell cycle into an endoreduplication cycle (Fig. 1A Edgar Lehner 1996). Accordingly, this cell cycle conversion is dependent on elimination of Cdkl activity and periodic activation of cyclin E/Cdk2. Cyclin E is required for endocycles and a pulse of ectopic cyclin E expression is sufficient to trigger endoreduplication. Cdk2... 

Winston N J 1997 Stability of cyclin B protein during meiotic maturation and the first mitotic cell division in mouse oocytes. Biol Cell 89 211-219 Winston NJ, Maro B 1995 Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is activated transiently in ethanol-stimulated mouse oocytes. Dev Biol 170 350-352 Winston NJ, Bourgain-Guglielmetti F, Ciemerych MA et al 2000 Early development of mouse embryos null mutant for the cyclin A2 gene occurs in the absence of maternally derived cyclin A2 gene products. Dev Biol 223 139-153... 

Sigrist S, Jacobs H, Stratmann R, Lehner CF 1995 Exit from mitosis is regulated by Drosophila fizzy and the sequential destruction of cyclins A, B and B3. EMBO J 14 4827-4838 Skibbens RV, Corson LB, Koshland D, Hieter P 1999 Ctf7p is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and links mitotic chromosome structure to the DNA replication machinery. Genes... 

In a recent study, LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells treated with lycopene-based agents have been reported to undergo mitotic arrest. Lycopene s antiproliferative effects were likely achieved through a block in Gl/S transition mediated by decreased levels of cyclins D1 and E and cyclin-dependent kinase4 and suppressed retinoblastoma phosphorylation (Ivanov et al., 2007). 

In yeast, the MAP kinase Fus3 induces cell cycle arrest via the degradation of cyclins, Clnl and Cln2. The mitotic cyclins (CYCLIN) are cell cycle proteins that bind the protein kinase Cdc2 during interphase... 

Also identified during the mid-1990s was the APC (anaphase promoting complex - also known as the cyclosome), another multi-subunit cullin-containing E3 that mediates ubiquitylation of mitotic cyclins [18, 19]. Mdm2, initially thought to be a HECT domain variant, was shown in 1997 to have E3 activity towards p53 in vitro [20]. For the non-HECT E3s no common structural feature had been detected. Thus, by 1997 the only defined molecular signature for E3 activity was the HECT domain. 

UBCll 156 [84] Unknown Unknown similar to dam E2-C (E2-C functions in mitotic cyclin turnover [79], but Ubcll is dispensable for this process in yeast [84])... 

Seino, H., Kishi, T., Nishitani, H., and Yamao, F. Two ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, UbcPl/Ubc4 and UbcP4/Ubcll, have distinct functions for ubiquitination of mitotic cyclin. Mol Cell Biol 2003, 23, 3497-505. 

Contreras A, Hale TK, Stenoien DL, Rosen JM, Mancini MA, Herrera RE (2003) The dynamic mobility of histone HI is regulated by cyclin/CDK phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 23(23) 8626-8636 Crosio C, Fimia GM, Loury R, Kimura M, Okano Y, Zhou H, Sen S, Allis CD, Sassone-Corsi P (2002) Mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3 spatio-temporal regulation by mammalian Aurora kinases. Mol Cell Biol 22(3) 874-885... 

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