Cell cycle machinery

Roovers, K. and Assoian, R. K., Integrating the MAP kinase signal into the G, phase cell cycle machinery, Bioessays, 22, 818-826, 2000. 

The cell cycle machinery and asymmetric cell division of neural progenitors in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system... 

The interplay between oscillations and bistability has been addressed in detailed molecular models for the cell cycles of amphibian embryos, yeast and somatic cells [138-141]. The predictions of a detailed model for the cell cycle in yeast were successfully compared with observations of more than a hundred mutants [142]. Other theoretical studies focus on the dynamical properties of particular modules of the cell cycle machinery such as that controlhng the Gl/S transition [143]. 

Signaling cascades ultimately converge to instruct the cell cycle machinery. In eukaryotic organisms, progression through the cell cycle depends on critically timed appear-... 

Oscillating changes in the activity of the cell cycle machinery, with protein kinases as the most important component... 

The activity of the cell cycle machinery is controlled by the following proteins in particular ... 

The p53 protein has various Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites. These include C-terminal phosphorylation sites for the CDKs of the S and G2/M phase. A controlling effect on DNA binding ability has been described for C-terminal phosphorylation so that a direct connection between the cell cycle machinery and the transcription-activating function of p53 seems possible via this route. 

Resveratrol exerts antitumor effects partly by arresting the growth of various cancer cells in culture [Kundu and Surh, 2004]. The inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a biochemical hallmark of tumor promotion, has been shown to account for the antiproliferative and antitumor effects of resveratrol [Schneider et al., 2000 Ulrich et al., 2007]. Aberrant changes in cell-cycle machinery are considered as the biochemical basis of abnormal proliferation of transformed cells. Major cell-cycle regulatory proteins include various cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), Cdk inhibitors, and check point kinases (Chkl... 

C. Interaction of IFs with Kinases and Cell Cycle Machinery. 175... 

Whereas growth factors activate the cell-cycle machinery, TGF-P sends signals to halt the cycle (Fig. 12.5). For the inhibitory response, kinase inhibitors such as p27i lP (kinase-inhibiting protein-1 with molecular mass 27 kDa) are responsible. p27 stops the G /S transition at the restriction point. It binds to the activated, phosphorylated Cdkl yclin A complex and perturbs the binding site for ATP, shutting down the kinase activity completely. 

Katchanov J, Haims C, Gertz K, Hauck L, Waeber C, Hirt L, Priller J, von Harsdorf R, Bmck W, Horlnagl H, Dirnagl U, Bhide PG, Endres M (2001) Mild cerebral ischemia induces loss of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and activation of cell cycle machinery before delayed neuronal cell death. J Neurosci 21 5054—5053. 

When strand breaks remain open at a lesion site, or when non-repaired damage blocks the progress of a DNA rephcation fork to produce a daughter strand gap, a complex cascade of reactions is triggered to stop the cell cycle machinery and recruit repair factors. When, after replication, a second identical DNA copy is available, homologous recombination (HR) seems to be preferred otherwise cells rely on non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which is more error-prone [17]. 

Martinez, L. A., Chen, Y., Fischer, S. M., and Conti, C. J. (1999). Coordinated changes in cell cycle machinery occur during keratinocyte terminal differentiation. Oncogene 18, 397 06. 

Even when expressed at levels similar to the mouse PPARa, human PPARa does not induce the cell-cycle machinery, cell proliferation, or liver cancer in mice. 

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