Neointima formation

Finally, it has to be mentioned that LPA also has an intracellular target site, which is the nuclear transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y (PPARy). LPA competes for thiazolidinedione binding and activates PPARy-dependent gene transcription. Thereby, LPA induced neointima formation in a rat carotid artery model. 

Schober A, Manka D, von HP, et al. Deposition of platelet RANTES triggering monocyte recruitment requires P-selectin and is involved in neointima formation after arterial injury. Circulation 2002 106(12) 1523-1529. 

Savolainen-Peltonen H, Luoto NM, Kangas L, Hayry P (2004) Selective estrogen receptor modulators prevent neointima formation after vascular injury. Mol Cell Endocrinol 227 9-20... 

Strehlow K, Werner N, Berweiler J, Link A, Dimagl U, Priller J, Laufs K, Ghaeni L, Milosevic M, Bohm M, Nickenig G. Estrogen increases bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell production and diminishes neointima formation. Circulation 2003 107 3059-3065. 

Tulis DA, Mnjoyan ZH, Schiesser RL, et al. Adenoviral gene transfer of fortilin attenuates neointima formation through suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Circulation. Jan 7 2003 107(1) 98-105. 

George, S.J., C.T. Lloyd, G.D. Angehni,A.C. Newby, and A.H. Baker, Inhibition of late vein graft neointima formation in human and porcine models by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3. Circulation, 2000.101(3) 296-304. 

Cayatte AJ, Palacino JJ, Horten K, Cohen RA. 1994. Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide production accelerates neointima formation and impairs endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 14 753-759. 

The effects of VEGFs are at least partially mediated by the enhanced production of NO and prostacyclin (Laitinen et al., 1997b Zachary, 1998). Furthermore, in addition to endothelial cell proliferation and inhibition of neointima formation, VEGF-A may also lead to neoangiogenesis in ischemic tissues... 

Lipskaia, L., del Monte, F., Capiod, T., Yacoubi, S., Hadri, L., Hours, M., Hajjar, R. J. and Lompre, A. M., 2005, Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase gene transfer reduces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in die rat. Circ Res 97, 488—95. 

Arterial restenosis occurs in 30-40% of patients after angioplasty. The dilated vessel subsequently narrows again because of neointimal hyperplasia. We introduced HVJ liposome containing ec-NOS expression vector into injured rat carotid artery [20], At 2 weeks after the transfer, histological analysis revealed a 70% reduction in neointimal area. In contrast, no inhibition of neointima formation was observed in the control vector transfection group. 

Phillips JW, Barringhaus KG, Sanders JM, et al. Rosiglitazone Reduces the Accelerated Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury in a Mouse Injury Model of Type 2 Diabetes Circulation 2003 108 1994-1999. 

Banai S, Gertz SD, Gavish L, et al. Tyrphostin AGL-2043 eluting stent reduces neointima formation in porcine coronary arteries, Cardiovasc Res 2004 64( I) I 65-171,... 

Waksman R, Robinson KA, Crocker IR, et al. Endovascular low-dose irradiation inhibits neointima formation after coronary artery balloon injury in swine a possible role for radiation therapy in restenosis prevention. Circulation 1995 91 1533-1539. 

Margolin L, Fishbein I, Banai S, et al. Metalloproteinase inhibitor attenuates neointima formation and constrictive remodeling after angioplasty in rats augmentative effect of alpha(v)beta(3) receptor blockade. Atherosclerosis 2002 ... 

As with atherosclerosis itself, recruitment of inflammatory cells is now recognized as an essential step in the pathogenesis of neointima formation in humans (I 1,12). In various animal models, reduction of leukocyte recruitment by selective blockade of adhesion molecules significantly reduced neointima formation and restenosis (13-16). Recent studies also concluded a role of pre-existing inflammation within the... 

As shown in a human organ culture model (17), sirolimus combines antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties and reduces neointima formation after angioplasty in patients. Vascular wall inflammation is attenuated as are progenitor cell promoters as assessed by gene expression during neointima formation. 

The clinical utility of this approach will depend on the results of these initial clinical trials evaluating l7(3-estradiol and the outcomes of current DESs in higher-risk patients, Speculations about the clinical results are that an improved healing and re-endothelialization, although not completely abolishing neointima formation, will allow a controlled... 

Janssens S, Flaherty D, Nong Z, et al. Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene transfer inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation after balloon injury in rats. Circulation 1998 97 1274-1281. 

Agata J, Zhang JJ, Chao L, Adrenomedullin gene delivery inhibits neointima formation in rat artery after ballon angioplasty. Regul Rep 2003 I 12 I 15-120. 

I 6 George SJ, Andelini GD, Capogrossi MC, et al. Wild-type p53 gene transfer inhibits neointima formation in human saphenous vein by modulation of smooth muscle cell migration and induction of apoptosis, Gene Ther 2001 8 668-676. 

Murakami H., Yayama K, Miao RQ, et al. Kallikrein gene delivery inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth and neointima formation in the rat artery after balloon angioplasty. Hypertension 1999 34 164-170. 

Gunn J, Holt CM, Francis SE, et al. The effect of oligonucleotides to c-myb on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation after porcine coronary angioplasty, Circ Res I 997 80 520-53 I. 

Mollace, V., Ragusa, S., Sacco, I., Muscoli, C., Sculco, F., Visalli, V., Palma, E., Muscoli, S., Mondello, L., Dugo, R, Rotiroti, D., and Romeo, F. (2008). The protective effect of bergamot oil extract on lecitine-like OxyLDL receptor-1 expression in balloon injury-related neointima formation.. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. 13, 120—129. 

Hutter, R., Carrick, F. E., Valdiviezo, C., Wolinsky, C., Rudge, J. S., et al. 2004. Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates reendothelialization and neointima formation in a mouse model of arterial injury. Circulation 110 2430-2435. 

Eefting D, Schepers A, De Vries MR, Pires NM, Grimbergen JM, Lagerweij T, Nagelkerken LM, Monraats PS, Jukema JW, van Bockel JH, Quax PH. The effect of interleukin-10 knock-out and overexpression on neointima formation in hyper-cholesterolemic APOE 3-Leiden mice. Atherosclerosis 2007 193 335 i2. 

Extensive spontaneous fibrin deposition severe spontaneous thrombosis impaired neointima formation reduced ovulation and fertility cachexia and shorter survival severe glomerulonephritis abnormal tissue remodelling (Carmeliet et al. 1994 Christie et al. 1999). 

K, Bohm M, Nickenig G (2003) Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces neointima formation after vascular injury. Circ Res 93 el7-e24... 

In a model of restenosis in the injured hamster carotid artery, GR144053 (i.v. infusion at 1. Omg/kg/h for 7 days) combined with post-injury treatment with the angiotensin II antagonist losartan (lOmg/kg/day p.o. for 2 weeks), but not GR 144053 alone, significantly reduced neointima formation after 2 weeks [167],... 

Balloon injury to the vessel wall removes endothelial sources of NO, derived from the constitutive form of NO synthase. As previously mentioned, recent studies have shown a direct role for NO in the inhibition of vascular lesion development. It is possible, then, that restoration of NO synthase activity in the vessel wall would reestablish vascular function and inhibit neointima formation. 

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