Cyclin-dependant kinases

Figure 13.30 Ribbon diagram of the structure of Src tyrosine kinase. The structure is divided in three units starting from the N-terminus an SH3 domain (green), an SH2 domain (blue), and a tyrosine kinase (orange) that is divided into two domains and has the same fold as the cyclin dependent kinase described in Chapter 6 (see Figure 6.16a). The linker region (red) between SH2 and the kinase is bound to SH3 in a polyproline helical conformation. A tyrosine residue in the carboxy tail of the kinase is phosphorylated and bound to SH2 in its phosphotyrosine-binding site. A disordered part of the activation segment in the kinase is dashed. (Adapted from W. Xu et al.. Nature 385 595-602, 1997.)...

A number of kinase structures have been determined in various catalytic states. For example, structures of the cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK2, in its inactive state and in a partially active state after cyclin binding have been discussed in Chapter 6. The most thoroughly studied kinase is the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase the structure of both the inactive and the active... 

Cell Cycle Control. Figure 1 Cell cycle regulation by Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). Different cyclins bound to different CDKs promote the transition from one cell cycle phase into another. CDK-dependent phosphorylation of Rb is required to release active E2F transcription factors, which promotes entry into S phase. 

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Glycogen Synthetase Kinase p56 Lymphoid T Cell Tyrosine Kinase Protein Kinase CK2 (Casein Kinase II)... 

Figure 36-21. Schematic illustration of the points during the mammalian cell cycle during which the indicated cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are activated. The thickness of the various colored lines is indicative of the extent of activity.

Table 36-7. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases involved in cell cycle progression.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is a nonconventional cdk which plays important roles in the neuronal survival. Supernatants from HIV-infected macrophages... 

Desai, D Gu, Y and Morgan, D. O. (1992). Activation of human cyclin-dependent kinases in vitro. Mol. Biol. Cell 3 571-582. 

Sebastian, B., Kakizuka, A., and Hunter, T. (1993). Cdc2M2 activation of cyclin-dependent kinase by dephosphorylation of threonine-14 and tyrosine-15 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 3521-3524. 

Yasuda, H., Nakata, T., Masayuki, M., Honda, R., Nakamura, M Ninomija-Tsuji, J., Yamashita, M., Nagahama, Y., and Ohba, Y. (1992). Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) in the murine cdc2 kinase TS mutant Som. Cell Mol. Gen. 18 403-408. 

Barres BA, Lazar MA, Raff MC 1994 A novel role for thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid in timing oligodendrocyte development. Development 120 1097-1108 deNooij JC, Letendre MA, Hariharan IK 1996 A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, Dacapo, is necessary for timely exit from the cell cycle during Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 87 ... 

Durand B, Gao FB, Raff M 1997 Accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27/ Kipl and the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. EMBO J 16 306-317 Durand B, Fero ML, Roberts JM, Raff MC 1998 p27Kipl alters the response of cells to mitogen and is part of a cell-intrinsic timer that arrests the cell cycle and initiates differentiation. Curr Biol 8 431-440... 

Hong Y, Roy R, Ambros V 1998 Developmental regulation of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor controls postembryonic cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegant. Development 125 3585—3597... 

Kiyokawa H, Kineman RD, Manova-Todorova KO et al 1996 Enhanced growth of mice lacking the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor function of p27(Kipl). Cell 85 721—732 KondoT, RaffM 2000a The Id4 HLH protein and the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. EMBO J 19 1998-2007... 

Kondo T, Raff M 2000b Oligodendrocyte precursor cells reprogrammed to become multipotential CNS stem cells. Science 289 1754-1757 Lane ME, Sauer K, Wallace K, Jan YN, Lehner CF, Vaessin H 1996 Dacapo, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, stops cell proliferation during Drosophila development. Cell 87 1225-1235... 

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