Linoleic acid conjugated

Chilliard Y, Ferlay A and Doreau M (2001), Effects of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow s diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids , Livestock Production Science, 70, 31-48. [Pg.113]

Jones E L, Shingfield K J, Kohen C, Jones A K, Lupoli B, Grandison A S, Beever D E, Williams C M, Calder P C and Yaqoob P (2005), Chemical, physical, and sensory properties of dairy products enriched with conjugated linoleic acid , Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 2923-2937. [Pg.114]

Tricon S, Burdge G C, Kew S, Banerjee T, Russell J J, Jones E L, Grimble R F, Williams C M, Calder P C and Yaqoob P (2004), Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on immune function in healthy humans , American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 1626-1633. [Pg.115]

Fitzpatrick, K.C., Regulatory issues related to functional foods and natural health products in Canada Possible implications for manufacturers of conjugated linoleic acid, Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 1217S, 2004. [Pg.199]

Derrick JW, Dumaresq DC (1999) Soil chemical properties under organic and conventional management in southern New South Wales. Aust J Soil Res 37 1047-1055 Dhiman TR, Anand GR, Satter LD, Pariza MW (1999) Conjugated linoleic acid content of milk from cows fed different diets. J Dairy Sci 82 2146-2156 Diver S, Kuepper G, Born H (1999) Organic tomato production. ATTRA//Organic Tomato Production... [Pg.102]

Conjugated-diene butyl, 4 436—431 Conjugated drying oils, 9 148 Conjugated hemoglobin, 4 122-124 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 10 829 17 664-665... [Pg.210]

Lie and coworkers31 reported the synthesis and NMR properties of all geometrical isomers of conjugated linoleic acids. Pure geometric isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were prepared from castor oil as the primary starting material. Methyl octadeca-9Z, 11 /i-dienoate (36) and methyl octadeca-9Z,llZ-dienoate (38) were obtained by zinc reduction of methyl santalbate (35, methyl octadec-11 -en-9-ynoatc) and methyl... [Pg.80]

TABLE 13. 13C NMR chemical shift values of conjugated linoleic acid isomers... [Pg.82]

M. Meurens, V. Baeten, S.H. Yan, E. Mignolet and Y. Larondelle, Determination of the conjugated linoleic acids in cow s rmlk fat by Eourier transform Raman spectroscopy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 5831-5835 (2005). [Pg.237]

Wahle, K. W., Heys, S. D., and Rotondo, D. (2004). Conjugated linoleic acids Are they beneficial or detrimental to health Prog. Lipid Res. 43, 553-587. [Pg.79]

Lalush, I., Bar, H., Zakaria, I., Eichler, S., Shimoni, E. (2005). Utilization of amylose-lipid complexes as molecular nanocapsules for conjugated linoleic acid. Biomacromolecules, 6, 121-130. [Pg.28]

Table 9.2 Concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in selected foods (modified from Ha, Grimm and Pariza, 1989)...

Regarding the compositional differences shown for animal products, whether they are important for health depends, as for the plants, on the overall composition of the diet of the people who eat them. The vitamin E content in milk is far too small for relevant differences to affect health (Nielsen ef al. 2004), and too little is known about the dose-response relations of the impact of conjugated linoleic acids on health. However, the increased vitamin E level may still be important to prevent oxidation of the fat, a problem that can be exacerbated by increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Dhiman ef al. 1999, Nielsen ef al. 2004). However, while oxidised milk is clearly not good for health, its rancid taste and smell allows detection and rejection before consumption and thus prevents harm to health, similar to plant toxicants. Also in line with the plants, while the use of roughage is clearly more extensive in organic farming, some conventional farmers use almost identical feed compositions and are therefore likely to produce the same quality of products in this respect. [Pg.321]

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, containing 4,5, or 6 double bonds and chain lengths of up to C36 are found in phosphatidylcholine of vertebrate retinas.121 Although the double bonds are rarely in conjugated positions in food fats and in animal bodies, some plants convert oleic or linoleic acid into fatty acids with as many as three or four conjugated double bonds.1213 Conjugated linoleic acid (9c, lit 18 2) can... [Pg.1193]

BASIC PROTOCOL I PREPARATION OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS FROM LIPID SAMPLES CATALYZED WITH BORON TRIFLUORIDE IN METHANOL In this method, lipid samples are first saponified with an excess of NaOH in methanol. Liberated fatty acids are then methylated in the presence of BF3 in methanol. The resulting fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are extracted with an organic solvent (isooctane or hexane), and then sealed in GC sample vials for analysis. Because of the acidic condition and high temperature (100°C) used in the process, isomerization will occur to those fatty acids containing conjugated dienes, such as in dairy and ruminant meat products, that contain conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). If CLA isomers are of interest in the analysis, Basic Protocol 2 or the Alternate Protocol should be used instead. Based on experience, this method underestimates the amount of the naturally occurring cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer by -10%. The formulas for the chemical reactions involved in this protocol are outlined in Equation D1.2.1 Saponification RCOO-R + NaOH, RCOO-Na + R -OH v 100°C DC Esterification RCOO-Na + CH,OH r 3 v RCOO-CH, + NaOH ioo°c ... [Pg.438]

On the other hand, BF3 (see Basic Protocol 1), as well as other acidic catalysts, will change the double-bond configuration of fatty acids that contain conjugated dienes. As research on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and other conjugated fatty acids becomes more popular, it is essential not to provide misinformation about compositional analysis due to improper application of a methylation protocol (Li and Watkins, 1998). The basic catalysts perform better on lipids rich in fatty acids with unique conjugated diene structures. Isomerization and artifacts are not produced when sodium methoxide or TMG are used as transesterification agents... [Pg.445]

Li, Y. and Watkins, B.A. 1998. Conjugated linoleic acids alter bone fatty acid composition and reduce ex vivo prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in rats fed n-6orn-3 fatty acids. Lipids 33 417-425. [Pg.451]

Shantha, N.C., Decker, E.A., and Hennig, B. 1993. Comparison of methylation methods for the quantitation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. J. AOAC Inti. 76 644-649. [Pg.451]

Another important dietary source of trans fat is conjugated linoleic acid, a class of compounds collectively known as CLA. Many CLA isomers contain conjugated cis/trans and trans/trans double bonds. Interest in CLA research has increased significantly in the past few years because several cis/trans CLA isomers have been reported to exhibit different beneficial physiological effects in animal studies (Yurawecz et al., 1999). The reader is referred to a collection of analytical papers published in a dossier (Mossoba, 2001, and references therein) that details several chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and procedures that have been successfully applied to CLA analysis. [Pg.510]

Mossoba, M.M., 2001. Analytical techniques for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) analysis. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103 594-627. [Pg.511]

Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K.G., Fritsche, J., Yurawecz, M.P., Eulitz, K., Ku, Y., and Rader, J.I. 2001 a. Application of standard addition to eliminate conjugated linoleic acid and other interferences in the determination of total trans fatty acids in selected food products by infrared spectroscopy.. /. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78 631-634. [Pg.511]

Conductivity, in water activity measurement, 67-70 Confocal laser scanning microscopy to characterize lipid crystals, 575-579 description of, 575, 577 Conjugated dienes and trienes, determination of, 515-517 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), fatty acid analysis, 437-438, 445-446 Convection oven, gravimetric measurement of water, 7-8, 10-11... [Pg.758]

CLA conjugated linoleic acids CLSM confocal laser-scanning microscopy CMC critical micelle concentration COSY correlation spectroscopy CP-HPLC chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography... [Pg.1307]

DeLany, J. P., Blohm, F., Truett, A. A., Scimeca, J. A., and West, D. B. (1999). Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake. Am.. Physiol. 276, R1172-R1179. [Pg.35]

Rainer, L. and Heiss, C. J. (2004). Conjugated linoleic acid Health implications and effects on body composition. J. Am. Diet Assoc. 104, 963-968, quiz 1032. [Pg.39]

Riserus, U., Amer, P., Brismar, K., and Vessby, B. (2002). Treatment with dietary transl0cisl2 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 25,1516-1521. [Pg.39]

Loor, J.J., Ueda, K., Ferlay, A., Chilliard, Y., and Doreau, M. 2005. Intestinal flow and digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil, or sunflower oil. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 119, 203-225. [Pg.86]

Voorrips, L., Brants, H., Kardinaal, A., Hiddink, G., and van den Brandt, P. 2002. Intake of conjugated linoleic acid, fat, and other fatty acids in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer The Netherlands cohort study on diet and cancer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 873-882. [Pg.95]

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