Gas-liquid high-performance

R. Gill, A. H. Stead, and A. C. Moffat, Analytical aspects of barbiturate abuse Identification of drugs by the effective combination of gas-liquid, high-performance liquid and thin-layer chromatographic techniques, J. Chromatogr., 204 215 (1981). 

In the early years, the petroleum industry acted as a catalyst for the development of this physical method. However, over the past twenty-five years, organic mass spectrometry has been the subject of a series of major developments. Some of them, such as the advent of commercially available interfaces for gas-liquid, high performance liquid, and supercritical fluid chromatographs, as well as novel ionisation techniques particularly well suited for high molecular weight, non-volatile macromolecules were welcome and well-accepted by the food analysts. Others, such as the introduction of relatively inexpensive quadrupole mass filters that proved to be reliable and... 

Capillary column This term refers to a chromatographic column of small diameter and is used in both gas and high performance liquid chromatography. In HPLC, the term is usually apphed to columns with internal diameters of between 0.1 and 2 mm. The term microbore column is often used synonymously to describe these columns but is more correctly applied to columns with internal diameters of 1 or 2 mm. 

Y. Ogasawara, K. Ishii, T. Togawa, and S. Tanabe, Determination of sulfur in serum by gas dialysis/high performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 215,13—IS (1993). 

If the flow of mobile phase is monitored by a detector and recorder/VDU system, such as is used in gas and high-performance liquid chromatography, then /R can be used as a measure of VR. 

Chromatography is a powerful, essential tool for the analysis of soils. Of the many forms of chromatography, gas and high-performance liquid chromatography are most commonly used in the analysis of soil extracts. Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are almost exclusively referred to using... 

By far the most extensively used techniques employed in the analysis of solids are gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and, increasingly, supercritical fluid chromatography. 

Tesarova E, Packova V. 1983. Gas and high performance liquid chromatography of phenols. Chromatographia 17 269-284. 

Cloud point extraction has been applied to the separation and preconcentration of analytes including metal ions, pesticides, fungicides, and proteins from different matrices prior to the determination of the analyte by techniques such as atomic absorption, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, etc. 

Achiral (separation of diastereomeric derivatives) and chiral (sepa-ration of enantiomers) chromatography gas chromatography high-performance liquid chromatography super- and sub-critical fluid chromatography thin-layer chromatography... 

Liquid chromatography is important because most compounds are not sufficiently volatile The first equipment for high-performance liquid for gas chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) uses high... 

Even more versatile than the dansyl method is the Edman method (Figure E2.4). The NH2-terminal amino acid is removed as its phenylthiohydan-toin (PTH) derivative under anhydrous acid conditions, while all other amide bonds in the peptide remain intact. The derivatized amino acid is then extracted from the reaction mixture and identified by paper, thin-layer, gas, or high-performance liquid chromatography. The intact peptide (minus the original NH2-terminal amino acid) may be isolated and recycled by reaction with phenylisothiocyanate. Since this method is nondestructive to the remaining peptide (aqueous acid hydrolysis is not required) and results in good yield, it can be used for stepwise sequential analysis of peptides. The method is now automated. 

O Adeola, JG Buchanan-Smith, RJ Early. Gas and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of amino acids in soybean meal, corn and triticale. J Food Biochem 12 171-181, 1988. 

GAS Ansari. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the isomers of butylated hydroxyanisole. J Chromatogr 262 393-396, 1983. 

Popp P, Keil P, Moeder M, et al. 1997. Application of accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in solid wastes. Journal of Chromatography A 774(l-2) 203-211. 

C. R. Clark, J. D. Teague, M. M. Wells, and J. H. Ellis, Gas and high-performance liquid chromatographic properties of some 4-nitrobenzamides of amphetamines and related arylamines, Anal. Chem., 49 912(1977). 

Rezanka, T. and Mares, P. (1991) Determination of plant triacylglycerols using capillary gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr., 542, 145-159. 

Boor PJ, Ansari GAS. 1986. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation of acrolein in biological samples. J Chromatogr Biomed Appl 375 159-164. 

Chromatographic separations may also be characterized according to the type of instrumentation or apparatus used. The types of chromatography that may be used in the FCC are column, thin-layer, gas, and high-performance liquid chromatography. 

There are a variety of analytical methods commonly used for the characterization of neat soap and bar soaps. Many of these methods have been published as official methods by the American Oil Chemists Society (29). Additionally, many analysts choose United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), or Pood Chemical Codex (FCC) methods. These methods tend to be colorimetric, potentiometric, or titrametric procedures. However, a variety of instmmental techniques are also frequendy utilized, eg, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. 

As already mentioned, the densitometers require little maintenance and cleaning unlike the instruments in gas and high performance liquid chromatography. This is advantageous as less personnel is needed. Laboratory assistants working in thin-layer chromatography have to be able to work precisely, but they do not need a special technical knowledge. 

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