Conjugated linoleic acid , metabolic

Banni, S. (2002) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Metabolism, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 13,261-266. 

Banni S. 2002. Conjugated linoleic acid metabolism. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 13, 261. Kramer JKG, Parodi PW, Jensen RG, Mossoba MM, Yurawecz MP, and Adlof RO. 1998. Rumenic acid a proposed common name for the major conjugated linoleic acid isomer found in natural products. Lipids, 33, 83. 

Riserus, U., Amer, P., Brismar, K., and Vessby, B. (2002). Treatment with dietary transl0cisl2 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 25,1516-1521. 

Field, CJ. and Schley, P.D., Evidence for potential mechanisms for the effect of conjugated linoleic acid on tumor metabolism and immune function lessons from n-3 fatty acids, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79, 1190S, 2004. 

Bauman, D.E., Lock A.L., Corl B.A., IpC., Salter A.M., Parodi P.W. 2005. Milk fatty acids and human health potential role of conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids. In Ruminant Physiology Digestion, Metabolism and Impact of Nutrition on Gene Expression, Immunology and Stress. (K. Sejrsen, T. Hvelplund, and M.O. Nielsen, eds.), pp. 523-555, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Academic Publishers. 

Keeney, M. 1970. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant (A.T. Phillipson, ed.), pp. 489-503, Oriel Press, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Kelly, M.L., Bauman, D.E. 1996. Conjugated linoleic acid A potent anticarcinogen found in milk fat. I roc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. 68-74. 

McLeod, R.S., LeBlanc, A.M., Langille, M.A., Mitchell, P.L., Currie, D.L. 2004. Conjugated linoleic acids, atherosclerosis, and hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 1169S-1174S. 

Noone, E.J., Roche, H.M., Nugent, A.P., Gibney, M.J. 2002. The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects. Br. J. Nutr. 88, 243-251. 

Selberg, K.T., Lowe, A.C., Staples, C.R., Luchini, N.D., Badinga, L. 2004. Production and metabolic responses of periparturient Holstein cows to dietary conjugated linoleic acid and trans-octadecenoic acids. 1. Dairy Sci. 87, 158-168. 

Urquhart, P., Parkin, S.M., Rogers, J.S., Bosley, J.A., Nicolaou, A. 2002. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on arachidonic acid metabolism and eicosanoid production in human saphenous vein endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1580, 150-160. 

The first, important step in the bioconversion of linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the preparation of an adequate amount of bacterial biomass with suitable physiological properties, such as the high activity of key enzymes reliable for the biotransformation. The second step is bioconversion of linoleic acid to CLA. LA conversion to CLA occurs in anaerobic conditions because the presence of oxygen promotes oxidative metabolism in some bacteria and results in lower CLA production (Ogawa et al, 2001). Many bacterial strains of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacteria, Propioni-bacterium, Butyrivibrio and bacterial isolated from various sources have been... 

Carta, G., Angioni, E., Murru, E., Melis, M. P., Spada, S., and Banni, S. 2002. Modulation of lipid metabolism and vitamin A by conjugated linoleic acid. Prostaglandins, Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 67,187-191. 

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition Metabolic Care, vol. 2,1999 J.-L. Sebedio, S. Gnaedig and J.-M. Chardigny, Recent Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research , p. 499... 

Igarashi M, Miyazawa T. (2001) The growth inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on a human hepatoma cell hne, HepG2, is induced by a change in fatty acid metabolism, but not the facilitation of hpid peroxidation in the cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1530 162-171. 

Wtkins, B.A., Yong, L., and Feifert, M.F., Bone metabolism and dietary conjugated linoleic acid, in Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, vol. 1, Yurawecz, M.P. et al., Eds., AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, 1999, 253. 

Does Metabolism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Play a Role in Its Biological Activities ... 

Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on Obesity and Lipid Metabolism in Obese Rats... 

The trans isomers of octadecenoic acid such as elaidic acid are known inhibitors of A6 desaturase. Elaidic acid is usually formed during the hardening process of vegetable oils. Unfortunately, this acid is considered to be a hypercho-lesterolemic fatty acid (14). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), found in dairy products, is a trans-cis isomer of octadeca-dienoic acid. CLA has been shown to downregulate the metabolism of LA (15,16). CLA also reduces production of eicosanoids in several tissues (Fig. 3). The 9c,lU-isomer of conjugated linoleic acid appears to inhibit, whereas the 10Ll2c-isomer stimulates eicosanoid production in human saphenous vein endothelial cells (16). 

Sugano, M., Tsujita, A., Yamasaki, M., Yamada, K., Ikeda, L, and Kritchevsky, D. (1997) Lymphatic Recovery, Tissue Distribution, and Metabolic Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Rats, 7. Nutr. Biochem. 8, 38 3. 

Fig. 5. Effects of c9,f11 -conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and 10 12c-CLA on energy metabolism in OLETF rats. Rats were fed the c9,f11 -CEA diet or the f10,c12-CLA diet for 10 d. Significantly different from 9c,1 M, P< 0.05.

West,D.B.,Delany,J.P.,Carnet, P.M., Blohm,F.,Truett,A.A., and Scimeca, J. A. (1998) Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Body Fat and Energy Metabolism in the Mouse, Am. J. Physiol. 275, R667-R672. 

Martin, J.C., Gregoire, S., Siess, M.H., Genty, M., Chardigny, J.M., Bordeaux, O., Juaneda, P., and Sebedio, J.-L. (2000) Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Male Rats, Lipids 35,91-98. 

Ohnuki, K., Haramizu, S.. Oki. K.. Ishihara, K.. andFushiki, T. (2001) A Single Oral Administration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enhanced Energy Metabolism in Mice. Lipids 36, 583 587. 

Devillard, E., McIntosh, E. M., Duncan, S. H., Wallace, R. J. (2007). Metabolism of linoleic acid by human gut bacteria different routes for biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid. Journal of Bacteriology, 6, 2566-2570. 

Eder, K., Ringseis, R. (2010). Metabolism and actions of conjugated linoleic acids on atherosclerosis-related events in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 54, 17-36. 

Gnadig, S. (2002). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) Effect of processing on CLA in cheese and the impact of CLA on the arachidonic acid metabolism (thesis). University of Hamburg, 170pp. 

McKain, N., Shingfleld, K. J., Wallace, R. J. (2010). Metabolism of conjugated linoleic acids and 18 1 fatty acids by mminal bacteria products and mechanisms. Microbiology, 156, 579-588. 

Moloney, R, Yeow, T., Mullen, A., Nolan, J. J., Roche, H. M. (2004). Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 887-895. 

Effects of Short-Term Administration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Lipid Metabolism in White and Brown Adipose Tissues of Starved/Refed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats, Food Res. Int. 34 515—520 (2001). 

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