Cistus

In detergent perfumes, the stabiUty of vanillin is not always certain. It depends on the association made with other raw materials, eg, with patchouli, frankincense, cloves, most of the animal notes, and such chemicals as amyl saUcylate, methyl ionones, heflotropin, gamma undecalactone, linalool, methyl anthrarulate, benzyl acetate, phenyl ethyl alcohol, cedar wood derivatives, oak mosses, coumarin, benzoin. Pern balsam, and cistus derivatives. In some cases, these mixtures can cause discoloration effects. 

As part of a study of the secondary chemistry of members of Cistus (the rock-rose) in France, Robles and Garzino (1998) examined the essential oil of C albidus L. Plants were sampled from two areas in Provence characterized by different soil types, calcareous sites west of Marseille, and siliceous sites near Pierrefeu-du-Var and Bormes les Mimosas (PF and BM, respectively, in Fig. 2.23), which lie about 60 km and 80 km to the east, respectively, in the Massif les Maures. Regardless of the soil type, a-zingiberene [88] (Fig. 2.24) was the dominant component. Concentrations of other major components of the plants varied between the two soil types, as summarized in Table 2.6. Many other compounds were present in lesser amounts, but varied little between the two areas. A more recent paper by the same workers (Robles and Garzino, 2000) described an analysis of C. monspeliensis L. leaf oils, the results of which are summarized in Table 2.7. 

Fig. 2.23 Map of southern eoastal Franee in the region from whieh samples of Cistus albidus were obtained...

Fig. 2.24 Compound 88 from Cistus albidus, Compounds 89-94 from Cistus monspeliensis...

Table 2.6 Essential-oil eomposition of Cistus albidus from different substrates (from Robles and Garzino, 1998)...

Angelopoulou, D., Demetzos, C. and Perdetzolou, D. 2001. An interpopulation study of the essential oils of Cistus parviflorus L. growing in Crete (Greece). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 29 405 15. 

Demetzos, C. and Perdetzoglou, D. 2002. Diurnal and seasonal variation of the essential oil labdanes and clerodanes from Cistus monspeliensis L. leaves. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30 189-203. 

Robles, C. and Garzino, S. 1998. Essential oil composition of Cistus albidus leaves. Phytochemistry 48 1341-1345. 

The plants that exude diterpenoid resins belong to the order of conifers. Pine resins (from the Firms genus), Strasburg turpentine (from the Abies genus), Venice turpentine (from Larix decidua) were extracted from Pinaceae. Sandarac, juniper and cypress resins were extracted from trees of the Cupressaceae family Tetraclinis articulata, Juniperus spp. and Cupressus semprevirens, respectively. Moreover, labdanum resin from the Cistaceae family (Cistus spp.) also belongs to the diterpenoid resins. 

J. de Pascual Teresa, J.G. Urones, I.S. Marcos, F. Bermejo, P. Basabe, A rearranged labdane salmantic acid from Cistus laurifolius, Phytochemistry, 22, 2783 2785 (1983). 

M.T. Calabuig, M. Cortes, C.G. Francisco, R. Hernandez, E. Suarez, Labdane diterpenes from Cistus symphytifolius, Phytochemistry, 20, 2255 2258 (1981). 

ABSTRACT This study forms part of a larger multidisciplinary environmental study of the Lower Guadiana River basin carried out by a joint Portuguese-Spanish research team. It describes the mobility of lead in soil profiles taken over varied lithologies of the Iberian Pyrite Belt and the distribution of this metal with the root, stems and leaves of three plant species native to the area (Cistus ladanifer L., Lavandula luisieri and Thymus vulgaris). Results indicate that at all sample sites the mobility of lead is very low. 

The Guadiana Basin occupies a total area of 66,850 km2 in Spain and Portugal, 8,350 km2 of which comprises the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) one of the world s largest concentrations of base metal sulphide deposits (Leistel et al., 1997 Ribeiro et al., 1990). Three plant species (Cistus ladanifer, Lavandula luisieri and Thymus vulgaris) were utilized in this study. The soils in which these plants were sampled are developed over varied geological formations. The oldest formation (PQ Group, Upper Devonian) consists of a thick sequence of arenites and shales... 

The concentrations of lead in plants are in general higher in the roots than in the aerial parts (stems and leaves), with 25 to + 5000 mg kg 1 and 11 to 15 mg kg"1, respectively in Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Rivas-Martinez roots and aerial parts 3 to982 mg kg"1 and 3 to 308 mg kg 1, respectively in Cistus ladaniferL. roots and aerial parts and 35 to 70 mg kg 1 and 8 to 29 mg kg"1, respectively in Thymus vulgaris L. roots and aerial parts. 

Lead is known to have a very low transport within plants. It is absorbed by the roots but effectively immobilized there (Adriano, 1986). In fact, plants such as Cistus ladanifer L. present low transfer coefficients, consequently the animals that eat these plants have a very low risk of ingesting significant amounts of lead. The bi-plot diagram of soil lead/aerial part lead... 

Contribution of Cistus ladanifer L. to natural attenuation of Cu and Zn in some mine areas of the Iberian Pyrite Belt... 

ABSTRACT The comparison between four groups of soils and rock rose plants (Cistus ladanifer L.) developed on these soils was made using three mine areas of different ages (Neves Corvo, Brancanes, Monte dos Mestres) and a control area (Lombador). Copper and zinc soil-plant relationship was different in Neves Corvo, ongoing exploitation of copper and zinc, when compared with the control area... 

KEYWORDS Cistus ladanifer L., mining areas, mines... 

The rock rose (Cistus ladanifer L.) is a typical Mediterranean plant well adapted to thin soils with low nutritional characteristics and water holding capacity as some of those found in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) (Carvalho Cardoso, 1965). This metallogenetic province is renowned by the existence of important polymetallic massive sulfide deposits and because was exploited for base metals since pre-Roman times. 

The comparison between Tuckey and Dunnett tests indicated that the reference area of Lombador presents significant differences with the ongoing exploitation of Neves Corvo Cu and Zn mine. On the contrary, Cu relationship of soil-plant is similar in the Lombador control area and in Brancanes which is abandoned over a century. This fact suggests that natural attenuation effects on Cu in the soil-plant system have already happened in Brancanes mining area. The rock rose species (Cistus ladanifer, L.) seems to play an important role in the natural... 

Alvarenga, P Araujo, M.F., Silva, J.A. 2004. Elemental uptake and root-leaves transfer in Cistus ladanifer L. Growing in a contaminated Pyrite Mining Area (Aljustrel-Portugal). Water, Air and Soil Polution, 152, 81-96. 

Kidd, P.S DIez, J., Monterroso Martinez, C. 2004. Tolerance and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in five populations of Cistus ladanifer L. subsp. Ladanifer. Plant and Soil, 258, 189-205. 

Den tricyclischen Sesquiterpenalkohol Ledol, der bei der Dehydrie-rung Guajazulen gibt, wiesen S. Sabetay und P. Gilly (119) im Ol von Cistus ladaniferus L. nach. 

CHCl soluble part) Cistaceae Cistus salviifolius L. -9.0 2.6 0.7... 

Flavonoid sulphates such as quercetin 3,7-di-O-methyl 3-sulphate and kaempferol 7-0-methyl 3-sulphate, which inhihited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were isolated from the -hutanol fraction of 80% methanol extract of Argyreia speciosa (Burm. f) Boj. (Convolvulaceae), while flavonoids with mti-Helicobacter pylori activity, such as quercetin 3-methyl ether (isorhamnetin) (Fig. 3), were isolated from Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae). ... 

Ustiin O, Ozcelik B, Akyon Y, Abbasoglu V, Yesilada E. (2006) Elavonoids with mti-Helicobacter pylori activity from Cistus laurifolius leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 108 457-461. 

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