Methanol extraction

NP River sediment Pressurised liquid extraction methanol alumina 85 6-33 [49]... 

Isomerization processes produce sour water and caustic wastewater. The ether manufacturing process utilizes a water wash to extract methanol or ethanol from the reactor effluent stream. After the alcohol is separated, this water is recycled back to the system and is not released. In those cases where chloride catalyst activation agents are added, a caustic wash is used to neutralize any entrained hydrogen chloride. This process generates a caustic wash water that must be treated before being released. This process also produces a calcium chloride neutralization sludge that must be disposed of off-site. 

Organic bases (<10 L) Soxhlet extract methanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone, ethyl ether, (10 h each), then dried at 50 °C overnight 152 methanol and 852 ethyl ether... 

These three examples illustrate technology developments over time (dual-channel detector, diode array detector, mass spectrometer). Note that while the overall methodology is very similar (methanolic extracts, methanol-based, acidified solvents used for HPLC, detection of eluted compounds), the exact conditions for successful separation need to be defined for each system. 

Addition of 100 pi of sample solution, either standard or extract methanol solution, to an AChE solution (0.125 U/ml), final volume 975 pi. 

Ultrasonic extraction, methanol extraction [147] and supercritical fluid extraction have all been applied to the extraction of or the determination of volatile organic compounds [121,122] in soils. However, methods based on headspace analysis or on mass spectrometry are now the methods of choice. 

Syrup HPLC Add 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, extract methanol-water, filter through sodium sulfate, evaporate, dissolve with methanol sex Methanol-0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (6 4) 232 nm USP 23 [3,8,9,1002. 1003] GC [2] HPLC [1004] [5]... 

Butadiene extraction Methanol (7) Upgrading steam cracker C4 cuts... 

Phenol, a common priority pollutant, was extracted from two environmental matrices, soil and water, using near critical and supercritical carbon dioxide. The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the contaminant between the soil or water and the supercritical phase, and the effect of soil moisture and co-solvents on the distribution coefficients. Static equilibrium extractions were performed on dry and wetted soil contaminated with 1 wt.% phenol and on water containing 6.8 wt.% phenol. Supercritical carbon dioxide (with and without en-trainers) was chosen as the solvent for the study. An appropriate entrainer for dry soil extractions (methanol) ffiffered from that found for aqueous extractions (benzene). However, soil moisture was found to have a significant impact on the effectiveness of en-trainers for soil extractions of phenol. Entrainers appropriate for extracting wetted soil were found to be the same as those advantageous for aqueous extractions. Benzene was also extracted from dry and wetted soil to investigate the extractability of a hydrophobic compound. 

Dyestuffs, natural Ethyl acetate, natural Fustic wood extract Gambier extract Gum naval stores, processing but not gathering or warehousing Hardwood distillates Hemlock extract Logwood extract Mangrove extract Methanol, natural (wood alcohol) Methyl acetone Methyl alcohol, natural (wood alcohol)... 

Determination. GC two different SFE systems are compared high temperature method in some cases yields a more exhaustive extraction, but also less clean extracts whereas medium temperature may sometimes cause problems with quantitative recoveries, but it yields very clean extracts The use, advantages and disadvantages of silica sorbents, polymeric, functionalized, carbon-based and mixed available sorbents are discussed Determination. LC—MS best conditions, extraction solvent methanol—acetone (1 1, v/v) temperature 50°C pressure 1500 psi two static cycles recoveries >10%. LOD between 1 to 5 /ag/kg loss of volatile molecules is produce at elevated temperatures Determination GC-MS Best conditions extractant methanol temperature lOffC, pressure 100 atm combined with 15 min static and then 10 min dynamic recovery 111% (RSD 4%) and 106% (RSD 5%) extraction efficiency of the PLE was compared with conventional Soxhlet and bath ultrasonication GC-MS an extraction time of 1 h was employed. 

Supercritical CO2 is a poor extraction media for intemKdiatety polar to polar compounds and thus a polar organic modifier is needed to inqirove the extraction of bilcibalide and gingkolides from Gingko biloba. Without a modifier, no ginkgoiides were detected from the SFE extract. Methanol is the... 

Fig. 1.2. continued) (c) Phosphatidyl choline concentrations in Yarra River sediment extracts (methanol/water and Triton X-100/water). The bar indicates the range for duplicate measurements of each sample (Amini, 2001). 

T IS ds-T Rat brain (100 mg) extraction (methanol-acetic acid) RP-SPE preparative NP-HPLC derivatization with 2-hydrazino-l-methylpyridine Rat serum (50 p,l) deproteinization (methanol-acetic acid) RP-SPE derivatization with 2-hydrazino-l-methylpyridine J sphere ODS H-80 (150 X 2.0 mm I.D., YMC), acetonitrile-methanol-10 mM ammonium formate and 0.2 ml/min API 2000 (Applied Biosystems), positive ESI, SRM ([M]+ residual [M]+) LOQ 0.06 ng/g tissue (brain) and 0.06 ng/ml (serum) [37]... 

Due to different residence times needed for the reaction steps, the industrial batch processes are typically run in multiple reactors. Usually two reactors are involved, an ester interchange (El) reactor designed to extract methanol or water and a poly condensation (PC) reactor designed to drive the polymerization and build molecular weight by removing excess... 

First extraction acetone sample/solvent ratio 1 3 Second extraction methanol sample/solvent ratio 1 3 Dichloromethane/60% methanolnvater... 

From seven organic solvents tested for diluting olive oil extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone) in different... 

Different extracts (methanolic, petroleum ether, chloroform, etc.) possess photosensitizing and/or proapoptotic antitumor activity against a number of human cancer cells of the bladder, prostate, blood, and others. Constituents other than hyperforin and flavo-noids are believed to be responsible for the antitumor activity. 

Nerin and co-workers [26] examined the applicability of SEE for the extraction of several paper and board samples of different composition, including virgin and recycled fibre. They optimised the SEE using carbon dioxide for the extraction of contaminants in 15 samples of recycled paper and board. An experimental design was used for simultaneous optimisation of the variables involved in both the extraction step and the collection of the extract. Methanol was used as modifier. Several plasticisers such as diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, di-w-butyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, and DEHP (from 2 to 100 pg/g of paper) were found in the recycled samples. A discriminate analysis applied to all results obtained, allowed them to classify the samples in three different groups according to the content of recycled pnlp (0, 10-30, and >80% of recycled pulp), the sample thickness (from <300 to >600 pmj, and the snrface treatment of the paper. 

Methanol is used as a solvent in automobile windshield washer fluid and as a cosolvent in various formulations for paint and varnish removers. It is also used as a process solvent in chemical processes for extraction, washing, crystallization, and precipitation. For example, methanol is used as an "antisolvent" for precipitation of polyphenylene oxide after its polymerization. It should be pointed out here that there have been active studies in using the extracts of agricultural plants in medicine. Methanol is often used for the extraction. Methanol extracts of some plants show antibacterial activities [4045]. This provides a potential use of methanol in traditional medicine. 

To increase the yield and concentration of methanol, the reaction products were passed through a trap filled with silica treated with boric acid [105]. At a temperature of 120 °C, such a trap proved effective in extracting methanol from the reactants flow. After a certain period, the trap was disconnected from the reactant s flow and connected to a steam generator to extract adsorbed methanol. The extraction efficiency was as high as 80%, so it was possible to obtain a concentrated methanol solution. 

Phenolic extract, methanolic extract of roots Antiasthmatic [35], Hepatotoprotective [36]... 

---