Reference areas

The subscripts / and o correspond to inner and outer surfaces of tube, respectively. In these equations, Pi is a reference area for which U is defined, and T[ is the total efficiency of a finned heat-transfer surface and is related to the fin efficiency, Tl by... 

Normally, dirt and scale resistance must he considered on both sides of the tube wall. The area dA is any convenient reference area. 

For motorcycles and bicycles, the drag coefficient is not easy to define because the proper reference area is ambiguous. ITence, the drag is quoted in terms of the drag ai ea given by D/q, where q is the dynamic pressure q = / p, Vs. A typical drag area for a motorcycle and rider can be reduced by more than fifty percent by wrapping the motorcycle in a streamlined shell. 

Table II shows that houses in the reference area contained significantly more lead paint than houses around either the RSR or Dixie site, while the RSR area contained more than the Dixie area. Based on a visual inspection, the paint on the walls and trim areas was Intact and was not peeling, flaking, or otherwise deteriorating.

Table XII shows the population estimate, sample size by stratum, and mean blood lead levels among black children In the reference area of 13.2 and 14.6 pg/dl In the low and high traffic density areas, respectively.

There are no children In the reference area who had lead toxicity or whose blood lead level exceeded 29 pg/dl (Table XIII). The term "lead toxicity" Is defined here as a child with a blood-lead level > 30 pg/dl and an EP pg/dl. The term "lead toxicity" Is not used In a toxicological sense. 

Table XII. Mean Blood Lead Levels by Race in Reference Area ...

Table XIII. Distribution of Lead Toxicity and High Blood Levels by Race at the Reference Area...

When the Dixie site is compared to the reference area, proximity to the smelter (within 0.5 mile) contributed 1.85 pg/dl to the mean blood-lead level. The potential contribution of traffic density could not be determined because of the configuration of the roadway and the distance of the roadway from the smelter site. Although an elevated mean blood-lead level was found for children living close to the Dixie site, the increase was not as great as observed in the RSR site and the few children found to have lead toxicity, as defined previously, appear to have lead exposure due to occupation of parents. 

Figure 7 Top, ATR spectrum acquired from a reference area on the surface of the rubber gasket material and bottom, top spectral database search match. 

Ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus Canada nickel-contaminated vs. reference areas May... 

Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula, ducklings Canada contaminated vs. reference areas Kidney Liver... 

Ontario, Canada nickel-contaminated area vs. reference area ... 

Mirex concentrations in muscle and liver of mammalian wildlife in Alabama and Georgia during the period 1973 to 1976 from reference areas were always less than 0.04 mg mirex/kg FW in muscle and less than 0.07 mg/kg FW in liver (Hill and Dent 1985). In mirex-treated areas, conspecifics were collected up to 2 years posttreatment. Maximum concentrations of mirex in muscle and liver from mirex-treated areas were always less than 1.0 mg/kg FW in raccoons, bobcats (Lynx rufus), mink (Mustela vison), and foxes (Urocyon sp., Vulpes sp.). Higher concentrations of 3.7 mg/kg FW in muscle and 1.1 mg/kg FW in liver were measured in the river otter (Lutra... 

The comparison between Tuckey and Dunnett tests indicated that the reference area of Lombador presents significant differences with the ongoing exploitation of Neves Corvo Cu and Zn mine. On the contrary, Cu relationship of soil-plant is similar in the Lombador control area and in Brancanes which is abandoned over a century. This fact suggests that natural attenuation effects on Cu in the soil-plant system have already happened in Brancanes mining area. The rock rose species (Cistus ladanifer, L.) seems to play an important role in the natural... 

In a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) device the light from a laser beam is divided into two identical beams that travel the MZI arms (sensor and reference areas) and are recombined again into a monomode channel waveguide giving a signal which is dependent on the phase difference... 

Turkey, Meleagris gallopava, liver vs. muscle Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, liver northeastern United States nickel-contaminated vs. reference areas... 

Dia (refer Area Flow Bale Flow Rale... 

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