Leaf oils

APIOLE 23% of celery leaf oil, up to 30% in parsley leaf and seed oils, and in small amounts in cubeb, dill and fennel oils. 

Clove leaf oil Clove oils Clover Cloven te Cloves... 

A number of other valuable aroma chemicals can be isolated from essential oils, eg, eugenol from clove leaf oil, which can also, on treatment with strong caustic, be isomerked to isoeugenol, which on further chemical treatment can be converted to vanillin (qv). Sometimes the naturally occurring component does not requke prior isolation or concentration, as in the case of cinnamaldehyde in cassia oil which, on dkect treatment of the oil by a retro-aldol reaction, yields natural ben2aldehyde (qv). This product is purified by physical means. 

Bay Oil. Steam distillation of the leaves of the tree Pimenta racemosa (Mill) which is indigenous to certain islands of the West Indies, particularly Dominica and Puerto Rico, is called bay or bay leaf oil. The same source was used in the past to produce Bay Rum in which mm was distilled over the leaves. Bay oil [8006-78-8] is a yellowish to dark brown mobile Hquid with a fresh-spicy, sometimes medicinal odor with a lasting sweet-balsamic undertone. The oil finds extensive use in hair tonics, after-shave lotions as well as other men s-type fragrances. There is Htde or no use by the flavor industry. The range of components for a number of bay leaf oils is shown in Table 25 (66). 

Pimento Berry Oil. The pimento or allspice tree, Pimenta dioca L. (syn. P. officinalis, Liadl.), a native of the West Indies and Central America, yields two essential oils of commercial importance pimento berry oil and pimenta leaf oil. The leaf oil finds some use ia perfumery for its resemblance to clove leaf and cinnamon leaf oils as a result of its high content of eugenol. Pimento berry oil is an item of commerce with extensive appHcation by the flavor industry ia food products such as meat sauces, sausages, and pickles, and moderate use ia perfumery, where it is used primarily as a modifier ia the modem spicy types of men s fragrances. The oil is steam-distilled from dried, cmshed, fully grown but unripe fmits. It is a pale yellow Hquid with a warm-spicy, sweet odor with a fresh, clean topnote, a tenacious, sweet-balsamic-spicy body, and a tea-like undertone. A comparative analysis of the headspace volatiles of ripe pimento berries and a commercial oil has been performed and differences are shown ia Table 52 (95). 

Determination of the enantiomeric distribution of the chiral major compounds of huchu leaf oil... 

T. Kopke, A. Dietrich and A. Mosandl, Chfral compounds of essential oils. XIV simultaneous stereoanalysis of buchu leaf oil compounds , Phytochem. Anal. 5 61-67 (1994). 

The oil dad rhe characteristic odour of thuja leaf oil, dun to the pre-Eenei of a seir uiir rpeQe the specilic pravit,v was O dO Ll the index o[ refraction, T47Q7 and the specific rolation, — -h 19-26A... 

The ti ue ceiki-leaf oil may be n gaided as tb. di- iHia e of ibe leaven of ibe red Cedar, bul- llic conl usic.u. oiplled In liie... 

The acc-tie c.-tur of eraniol is more yi odounned ui the leaf oils than is that of borneol. and it couiiciai .- to meriiasii io the several tuember.a leseclion, until a maximum of OTri 00 rr ( / ni. is reached tn ibe... 

II lie leaf oil ol Cjliilns jntcuJ. dll in the le-af oils, ibe dextro-CiiWfirii areiMia. aud ilm laevo-1-iUifined... 

Tbe leaf oil distilliil Lrom some s >ecies of Ca lilri. is compai alila tflilli th/j best I iiu -ni-eille oils of coaunei CQ. 

CinDaniQii leaf oil differs from Iho haik oil iii cojisisiing priiici jally of eugenol. The oil has Uie following chaiacleru -... 

This sesquiterpene alcohol is found in old samples of Matico leaf oil. It is a crystalline body, of the formula, CjgHjgO, melting at 94°, and of specific rotation — 28-73°, in chloroform solution. 

Allyl-pyrocatechol, CgHj O, exists in betel leaf oil. It is a crystalline body melting at 48° to 49° and boiling at 139° at 4 mm. It yields a dibenzoyl derivative melting at 71° to 72°. Its constitution is as follows —... 

Leaf material representing 38 sites was collected from plants cultivated under common garden conditions (University of Western Australia). Gas chromatographic analysis of the leaf oil revealed 33 components, nine of which accounted for 80.5%... 

As part of a study of the secondary chemistry of members of Cistus (the rock-rose) in France, Robles and Garzino (1998) examined the essential oil of C albidus L. Plants were sampled from two areas in Provence characterized by different soil types, calcareous sites west of Marseille, and siliceous sites near Pierrefeu-du-Var and Bormes les Mimosas (PF and BM, respectively, in Fig. 2.23), which lie about 60 km and 80 km to the east, respectively, in the Massif les Maures. Regardless of the soil type, a-zingiberene [88] (Fig. 2.24) was the dominant component. Concentrations of other major components of the plants varied between the two soil types, as summarized in Table 2.6. Many other compounds were present in lesser amounts, but varied little between the two areas. A more recent paper by the same workers (Robles and Garzino, 2000) described an analysis of C. monspeliensis L. leaf oils, the results of which are summarized in Table 2.7. 

As is the case with many members of Lamiaceae, Satureja douglasii produces abundant essential oil from glandular trichomes on the leaves. Gas chromatographic analysis of the leaf oils from specimens collected throughout the species range revealed the presence of some dozen and a half well-known compounds. The major compounds identified were camphene [215], camphor [216], which, taken together, were considered to comprise the bicyclic type, carvone [217], pulegone [218], menthone [219], and isomenthone [220] (see Fig. 2.68 for structures 215-220). The predominance of each of these major components defined a terpene type. (All compounds were observed in each of the terpene types, most in comparatively small amounts, some only as traces.)... 

The overall usefulness of terpene data for defining geographical races is shown in the comparison of profiles of eastern and western white spruce (see von Rudloff, 1975, for specific citations). Leaf oil analysis revealed consistent differences in... 

Doran, J. C., and Slee, M. U. 1994. Intraspecific variation in leaf oils of Melaleuca... 

Hunt, R. S. and von Rudloff, E. 1977. Leaf-oil-terpene variation in western white pine populations of the Pacific Northwest. For. Sci. 23 507-516. 

Geographical variation in the terpene composition of the leaf oil of Douglas fir. 

Volatade leaf oil analysis in chemosystematic studies of North American conifers. 

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