Soil-plant systems

Fig. 7. Main contributions to the water balance in soil-plant system...

Table 4 Soil Sampling Procedures, Limitations, and Advantages of Some Experimental Soil-Plant Systems Adopted for Studying Rhizosphere Processes... 

Ross S.M. Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems. Chichester, UK John Wiley Sons, 1994. 

Sims, R.C.C., Overcash, M.R. (1983) Fate of polynuclear aromatic compounds (PNA s) in soil plant systems. Residue Rev. 88. 

Pal, D., J.B. Weber, and M.R. Overcash. 1980. Fate of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil-plant systems. Residue Rev. 74 45-98. 

PAHs are widely distributed in the environment as evidenced by their detection in sediments, soils, air, surface waters, and plant and animal tissues. However, the ecological impact of PAHs is uncertain. PAHs show little tendency for bioconcentration despite their high lipid solubility (Pucknat 1981), probably because most PAHs are rapidly metabolized. Sims and Overcash (1983) list a variety of research needs regarding PAHs in soil-plant systems. Specifically, research is needed to establish the rates of PAH decomposition in soils the soil PAH levels above which PAH constituents adversely affect the food chain and enhancement factors that increase degradation rates of PAHs, especially PAHs with more than three rings. Once these factors have been determined, PAH disposal into soils may become feasible at environmentally nonhazardous levels. 

Su Yin, Yuan Xinzhong, Ceng Guangming, Li Huimeng and Li Lian. 2008. Study on influence factors of transportant and transformations of Pb in soil-plant system. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 36(16), 6953-6955. (in Chinese). 

In contrast, in the Neves Corvo mining area the correlations between each element (Cu, Zn and Fe) in soil-root, soil-leaf and leaf-root samples, and low pH are high. Therefore, mobility of those elements in the soil-plant system seems to be facilitated in this nowadays mining area. 

The comparison between Tuckey and Dunnett tests indicated that the reference area of Lombador presents significant differences with the ongoing exploitation of Neves Corvo Cu and Zn mine. On the contrary, Cu relationship of soil-plant is similar in the Lombador control area and in Brancanes which is abandoned over a century. This fact suggests that natural attenuation effects on Cu in the soil-plant system have already happened in Brancanes mining area. The rock rose species (Cistus ladanifer, L.) seems to play an important role in the natural... 

The major elements Mg, Ca, Al, K does not presented significant differences between the areas showing some independency of mining effects in these soil-plant systems. Phosphorus presents a different behavior between control and mining areas what may be related with parent material differences or plant physiology. 

Kloskowski R, Scheunert 1, Klein Wet al. 1981. Laboratory screening of distribution, conversion and mineralization of chemicals in the soil-plant-system and comparison to outdoor experimental data. Chemosphere 10 1089-1 100. 

FRENEY, J.R., SIMPSON, J.R. and DENMEAD, O.T. (1983). Volatilisation of ammonia. In Freney, J.R. and Simpson, J.R. (eds), Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Soil-Plant Systems, 1-32. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W.Junk. 

McGrath, S.P. Effects of heavy metals from sewage sludge on soil microbes in agricultural ecosystems. In Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems Ross, S.M., Ed. John Wiley Sons Ltd New York, 1994 247-274. 

Oron, G., Goemans, M., Manor, Y., and Feyen, J. (1995). Poliovirus distribution in the soil-plant system under reuse of secondary wastewater. Water Res. 29,1069-1078. 

Muramatsu Y, Yoshida S (1995) Volatilization of Methyl Iodide from the Soil-Plant System. Atmos Environ 29 21... 

Fried, M. Brosehart, H. (1967). The Soil-Plant System in Relation to Inorganic Mineral Nutrition. New York Academic Press. 

Nair, D.R., J.G. Burken, L.A. Licht, and J.L. Schnoor (1993). Mineralization and uptake of triazine pesticide in soil-plant systems. 

Uptake of 14C-labeled OCDD was studied in a closed, aerated-soil plant system for 7 days after application of the OCDD to soil (Schroll et al. 1994). The BCF (concentration of 14C equivalent to the OCDD in plant dry matter divided by 14C-labeled OCDD in dry soil) was 0.742 in carrot root and 0.085 in carrot shoots grown on OCDD-contaminated soil as compared to a BCF of not determinable and 0.084 in the control carrot root and shoots, respectively. There was no transport of 14C-labeled OCDD between the roots and shoots or vice versa. The residues in roots were due only to root uptake from the soil those in shoots were due only to foliar uptake from the air. 

Lin, Z.-Q., Schemenauer, R.S., Cervinka, V., Zayed, A., Lee, A., and Terry, N. 2000. Selenium volatilization from the soil-plant system for the remediation of contaminated water and soil in the San Joaquin Valley. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29 1048-56. 

Zhu, Y. G. Miller, R. M. (2003). Carbon cycling by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil-plant systems. Trends in Plant Science, 8, 407-9. 

Muramatsu Y. and Yoshida S. (1995) Volatilization of methyl iodide from the soil-plant system. Atmos. Environ. 29, 21-25. 

Martin, M. H., and Bullock, R. J. (1994). The impact and fate of heavy metals in an oak woodland ecosystem. In Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems, ed. Ross, S. M., Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, England, 327-365. 

Handl, J., Kallweit, E., Henning, M., and Szwec, L. (2000). On the long-term behaviour of iiOmAg jjj jjig soil-plant system and its transfer from feed to pig. J. Environ. Radioact. 48, 159-170. 

Describe the biogeochemical fluxes of zinc in various soil-plant systems of the World. Present the quantitative estimates of these fluxes. 

In natural soil-plant systems, equation 5.41 is often the relevant one, so that nutrient uptake acidifies the soil in the vicinity of the roots. However, to the extent that these nutrients are returned to the soil (as plant residues), there may be little long-term acidification on balance. In agricultural systems, harvesting can remove much of the plant material, leading to permanent acidification. 

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