Research team

Consider the selection of the material for the mirror backing of a 200-inch (5 m) diameter telescope. We want to identify the material that gives a mirror which will distort by less than the wavelength of light when it is moved, and has minimum weight. We will limit ourselves to these criteria alone for the moment - we will leave the problem of grinding the parabolic shape and getting an optically perfect surface to the development research team. 

Staudinger also found that diacetates of polyoxymethylenes with a degree of polymerisation of about 50 were less stable. Truly high molecular weight polyoxymethylenes (degree of polymerisation -1000) were not esterified by Staudinger this was effected by the Du Pont research team and was found to improve the thermal stability of the polymer substantially. 

Independently at the General Electric Company in America, work was being carried out in search of thermally and hydrolytically stable thermosetting resins. As a by-product from this work the research team at General Electric also produced polycarbonates from bis-phenol A so that by 1958 production of bis-phenol A polycarbonates was being carried out in both Germany and the USA. 

For example, treatment of dione 12 with hydrochloric acid yielded furan 13, a key synthetic intermediate for the production of a variety of compounds that were recently investigated for anticancer activity. Related inquiries by members of the same research team identified furans derived from IS as potential treatments for RNA viruses. Furan IS was prepared by condensation of dione 14 with catalytic sulfuric acid in refluxing acetic anhydride. ... 

Several other research teams used the Paal-Knorr condensation to prepare 2,5-disubstituted furans that were investigated as potential enzyme inhibitors. Nagai produced furan 17 via treatment of dione 16 with sulfuric acid and subsequently examined the activity of 17 toward a retenoic acid receptor. Perrier discovered that furan 19, derived from dione 18, is a potent PDE4 inhibitor and may have anti-inflammatory activity. ... 

In October 2006, a research team of scientists from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, USA, and the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, reported the indirect detection of Uuo-294 (Element 118). It is reported to be produced by the following collisions. 

This review tries to analyze and evaluate the new phenomena disclosed in this fresh field of polymer chemistry and to outline directions of its further development. The properties of polymeric materials and the methods of their synthesis will be considered only so far as is required for the fulfilment of that task. The semiconductive properties of PCSs will not be discussed in detail, since this problem is dealt with in a number of special reviews2-8 and monographs9-11 including those written with the participation of the present authors4,8 10. Apart from the literature data, the results obtained during the last 15 years by a research team headed by the authors will be considered. The studies have been carried out mainly in the following directions ... 

The concept of a soap-LSDA detergent represents a simple solution to the quest for less polluting highly efficient laundry detergents [47,48]. If present worldwide price trends for petrochemicals, phosphates, and other builders continue to rise, the use of tallow or other fats and oils, which are replenishable agricultural products or byproducts, should become economically more attractive. Since the USD A research team initiated research on soap-LSDA detergents, the a-sulfonated fatty acid esters (MES) have become commercially available in the United States, Europe, and Japan. 

It was also observed that, with the exception of polyacetylene, all important conducting polymers can be electrochemically produced by anodic oxidation moreover, in contrast to chemical methoconducting films are formed directly on the electrode. This stimulated research teams in the field of electrochemistry to study the electrosynthesis of these materials. Most recently, new fields of application, ranging from anti-corrosives through modified electrodes to microelectronic devices, have aroused electrochemists interest in this class of compounds... 

The complex Pd-(-)-sparteine was also used as catalyst in an important reaction. Two groups have simultaneously and independently reported a closely related aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols. The oxidation of secondary alcohols is one of the most common and well-studied reactions in chemistry. Although excellent catalytic enantioselective methods exist for a variety of oxidation processes, such as epoxidation, dihydroxy-lation, and aziridination, there are relatively few catalytic enantioselective examples of alcohol oxidation. The two research teams were interested in the metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones and became involved in extending the scopes of these oxidations to asymmetric catalysis. 

Both research teams then focused on optimizing their own asymmetric catalytic systems. We will describe those studies separately, although the progress of one of the groups aid the hypotheses of the other. 

Costs in R D are a mix of short-run cost, dominated by the cost of clinical trials, and long-run cost, dominated by the fixed assets and specialized expertise of discovery and preclinical organizations. Therefore, when seeking to maximize the value of output relative to input, development teams need to be concerned with external spending and the length of tasks, whereas research teams need to look at their investments in capacity and the way they use fixed capacity. 

The quality of front-end work in answering the questions above, when addressed by a broadly comprised project team, is directly related to project success. It is useful to keep in mind that the consequences of decisions (question 4) are often different for the firm, for departments, for research groups, and for individuals on the research team. Models can reduce ambiguity and arbitrary discretion. This is appreciated in successful projects. 

Romano PS, Roos LL, Luft HS, et al. A comparison of administrative versus clinical data coronary artery bypass surgery as an example. Ischemic Heart Disease Patient Outcomes Research Team. / Clin Epidemiol 1994 47 249-60. 

In short, we return to C. P. Snow s recommendation that the scientist and humanist converse more. The conversations, analysis, and discussion should include the third culture, the technologist. Therefore, although we have not provided specihc and detailed analysis of issues related to computer use in the pharmaceutical industry, believing as we do that that sort of analysis is for the specialized philosopher doing conceptual analysis in computers ethics, we do urge that applied philosophers be part of the research team. Also, in the dynamic and flexible world of technology, applied philosophers—not just the people in the held of computers—should help draft policy statements and codes of conduct. 

Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, Korea Energy Environmental Research Team, R D Center, SK Corporation,... 

Techniques are needed to record services used by patients, families and others affected by a mental health problem or its treatment. Techniques are also needed to calculate the associated unit costs. These are separate activities. Many instruments have been developed to collect service utilization data. The one that my own research teams employ and which has been widely used elsewhere is the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRl ... 

Taking blood samples from volunteers is relatively easy, once they have given their consent, compared with taking urine samples. Usually, the volunteers are transported by a member of the field scientific team to a clinic near the test site where the blood samples are withdrawn and preserved by a trained certified professional nurse or doctor. The samples can then be preserved and sent to the clinical laboratory or analytical laboratory by the clinic or by the field research team. 

Research users need full access to the functional elements of the spectrometer system and require the most efficient and flexible tools for MR sequence and application development. If the measurement methods delivered with the software do not adequately address the specific investigational requirements of a research team, modem NMR software is an open architecture for implementing new and more sophisticated functionality, with full direct access to all hardware controlling parameters. After evaluation, the new functionality can be developed with the help of toolbox functions that allow rapid prototyping and final builds, to enable the new sequence to be executed by non-experienced personnel and then used in routine applications. These toolboxes provide application oriented definitions and connect to standard mechanisms and routine interfaces, such as the geometry editor, configuration parameters or spectrometer adjustments. 

Lehman AF, Kreyenbuhl J, Buchanan RW, et al. The schizophrenia patient outcomes research team (PORT) updated treatment recommendations 2003. Schizophr Bull 2004 30 193-217. 

---