Larix decidua

The plants that exude diterpenoid resins belong to the order of conifers. Pine resins (from the Firms genus), Strasburg turpentine (from the Abies genus), Venice turpentine (from Larix decidua) were extracted from Pinaceae. Sandarac, juniper and cypress resins were extracted from trees of the Cupressaceae family Tetraclinis articulata, Juniperus spp. and Cupressus semprevirens, respectively. Moreover, labdanum resin from the Cistaceae family (Cistus spp.) also belongs to the diterpenoid resins. 

Stelzer R, Holste R, Groth M, Schmidt A. X-ray microanalytical studies on mineral concentrations in vacuoles of needle tissue from Larix decidua (L.) Mill. Bot Acta 1993 106 325-330. 

Gierth M, Stelzer R, Lehmann H. Endodermal Ca and Sr partitioning in needles of the European larch Larix decidua (L.) Mill.). J. Plant Physiol 1998 152 25-30. 

LARCH, European (Larix decidua Mill.) LARCH, Japanese (I. leptolepis [Sieb. Zucc.] Cord.)... 

The spectra of kraft lignin in KBr pellets and in alkaline solutions show striking differences, as clearly illustrated by the difference spectrum (Fig. 5.2.7). The absorbances at 1560, 1494, 1395, and 1305 cm-1 are more intense, whereas the intensities in the spectral ranges 1710-1603 and 1270-900cm-1, and the aromatic skeletal vibration at 1514cm-1, are lower in NaOH solution. Similar qualitative spectral differences are observed when larch (Larix decidua) MWL is measured in KBr and in aqueous alkaline solutions (Fig. 5.2.8) although the magnitude of the differences is smaller with the hardwood MWL. 

Fig. 5.2.8. Absorption spectrum of larch (Larix decidua) MWL in 2% NaOH solution (10%, w/w) and in a KBr pellet. The difference spectrum below is obtained by subtraction of the alkaline solution spectrum from the KBr spectrum...

Cause Larch branch canker. This fungus produces sunken areas on the bark that are surrounded with drops of resin. Cut out and destroy affected parts as soon as detected once established, there is no control. European larch Larix decidua) is prone to serious infections Japanese larch L. kaempferi) is less susceptible to the disease. 

European (see Larix decidua) Japanese (see Larix kaempferi) Larch branch canker. 132 Larch casebearers, 132 Larch sawflies... 

Larix and, 132 shrews and, 453 Larix, 132 Larix decidua, 132 Larix kaempferi, 132 Larkspur. See Delphinium Larvae, as insect life cycle stage, 257 Late blight, 374-75... 

Rolland, C., Petitcolas, V., Michalet, R. 1998. Changes in radial tree growth for Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata near the Alpine timberline since 1750. Trees Struct. Funct. 13 40-53. 

Figure 1.1. The transverse and tangential-longitudinal faces of the softwood European larch, Larix decidua. The wood comprises longitudinal tracheids forming the axial system of cells, and radial parenchyma mostly in uniseriate rays. Axial and ray canals are also present. Magnification X 125.

Flavonoid compounds are common in other softwoods. Both Douglas fir and western larch contain the dihydroquercetin (Gardner and Barton, 1960), the distribution of this constituent being rather variable within the tree, but is highest at the heartwood-sapwood boundary. In studies on New Zealand grown Larix decidua and Larix leptolepis (Uprichard, 1963) it was shown that, in the 45 yr-old trees examined, the flavonoid polyphenols (dihydroquercetin and dihydrokaempferol) inereased steadily from the centre of the tree to the heartwood-sapwood boundary after whieh polyphenols dropped to neglible amounts. 

Maltol 3-Hydroxy-2 methyl-4H pyran-4-one 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-py rone 3-hydroxy-2-methyl- y-py-rone larixinic acid Palatone Veltol. C6H603 mol wt 126,11. C 57.14%, H 4.80%, O 38.06%. Found in the bark of young larch trees (Larix decidua Mill.) in pine needles (Abies alba Mill., Pinaoeae), in chicory, in wood tars and oils, in roasted malt. Isoln from these sources and structure Kiliani, Bazlen, Ber. 27, 3115 (1894) Feuerstein, Ber. 34r 1804 (1901) Erdmann, Schaefer, Ber. 43, 2398 (1910) Reichstein. Be it ter, Ber. 63, 824 (1930) cf. Pera toner, Tam-burelic, Chem. Zentr. 76, 11 680 (1905). Also obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of streptomycin salts Schenck, Spiel -... 

Venice Turpentine, Larcb turpentine. Oleoresin from Larix decidua Mill. (L. eurapaea Lam. Sc DC.), Pina-ceae. Habit. Middle and Southern Europe. Constit. Volatile oil. resin. Use in light microscopy D A. Johansen, Plant Microtechnique (McGraw Hill, New York, 1940) pp 115-116,... 

Larix decidua needles, methanol/ water extraction 3.7 dry sig sig nd nd... 

The European larch (Larix europaea, Pinus larix, Larix decidua)... 

Zoglauer, K, Dembny, H., Behrendt, U., and Korlach, J. (1995) Developmental patterns and regulating factors in direct somatic embryogenesis of Europrean larch (Larix decidua Mill.). Med. Fac. Landbouww. Univ. Gent, 60 1627-1636. 

---