Rock rose

As part of a study of the secondary chemistry of members of Cistus (the rock-rose) in France, Robles and Garzino (1998) examined the essential oil of C albidus L. Plants were sampled from two areas in Provence characterized by different soil types, calcareous sites west of Marseille, and siliceous sites near Pierrefeu-du-Var and Bormes les Mimosas (PF and BM, respectively, in Fig. 2.23), which lie about 60 km and 80 km to the east, respectively, in the Massif les Maures. Regardless of the soil type, a-zingiberene [88] (Fig. 2.24) was the dominant component. Concentrations of other major components of the plants varied between the two soil types, as summarized in Table 2.6. Many other compounds were present in lesser amounts, but varied little between the two areas. A more recent paper by the same workers (Robles and Garzino, 2000) described an analysis of C. monspeliensis L. leaf oils, the results of which are summarized in Table 2.7. 

ABSTRACT The comparison between four groups of soils and rock rose plants (Cistus ladanifer L.) developed on these soils was made using three mine areas of different ages (Neves Corvo, Brancanes, Monte dos Mestres) and a control area (Lombador). Copper and zinc soil-plant relationship was different in Neves Corvo, ongoing exploitation of copper and zinc, when compared with the control area... 

The rock rose (Cistus ladanifer L.) is a typical Mediterranean plant well adapted to thin soils with low nutritional characteristics and water holding capacity as some of those found in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) (Carvalho Cardoso, 1965). This metallogenetic province is renowned by the existence of important polymetallic massive sulfide deposits and because was exploited for base metals since pre-Roman times. 

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of chemical elements uptake by rock rose (a well adapted plant to mine environments) in natural attenuation by phytostabilization of soils polluted during different periods of mining activity and abandon. 

A total of 112 samples of rock rose (roots and leaves) and 56 soil samples (fraction <0.18 mm) where these plants were grown were analyzed. Soil pH was determined in a soil/water suspension with 1/2.5 (m/v) proportion. Soils and plants were analyzed for Cu, Zn Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, K and P by ICP-OES after digestion with four acids (HCIO4+HNO3+HCI+HF). 

Comparing all the groups (Tukey test) by pairs it was concluded that Brancanes, Lombador and Monte dos Mestres are comparable for Cu and Zn in soils and Fe in leaves of the rock rose plants. None of these groups is comparable with Neves Corvo in what Cu, Zn and Fe is concerned, both in soils and plants. This is due to the present mine exploitation of these metals and the dispersion of newly exploited materials in the surrounding area. 

The comparison between Tuckey and Dunnett tests indicated that the reference area of Lombador presents significant differences with the ongoing exploitation of Neves Corvo Cu and Zn mine. On the contrary, Cu relationship of soil-plant is similar in the Lombador control area and in Brancanes which is abandoned over a century. This fact suggests that natural attenuation effects on Cu in the soil-plant system have already happened in Brancanes mining area. The rock rose species (Cistus ladanifer, L.) seems to play an important role in the natural... 

Freitas, V., Ramalho, P., Azevedo, Z., and Macedo, A. (1999). Identification of some volatile descriptors of the rock-rose like aroma of fortified red wines from Douro Demarcated Region. ]. Agric. Food Chem. 47, 4327-4331. 

This model also works well for the Archaean, with its likely higher mantle heat flow and smaller continental mass and is consistent with calculations which show that there was a much higher flux of hydrothermal fluid into the early oceans compared to the present day (Section 5.4.2). In addition, it is consistent with the many observations of carbonate alteration in Archaean mafic and ultramafic rocks (Rose et al., 1996 Nakamura Kato, 2004). Nakamura and Kato (2004) proposed a global carbon flux of 3.8 x 1013 mol/yr into the ocean floor at 3.46 Ga, an order of magnitude greater than the modern carbon flux of veined MORB (Table 5.3). If these Archaean fluxes are used in Zahnle and Sleep s (2002) ingassing-outgassing... 

Ambrox is found not only in natural ambergris but also in the absolue of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum), and it is detected in the essential oils from the clary sage (Salvia sclarea), the rock rose (Cistus labdantferus) and the Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) (Fig. 3.50). 

The rock rose (Cistus labdantferus) and the Mediterranean cypress... 

Qsclareol belongs to the sizable class of labdanoid di-terpenes. The name is derived from labdanum, a resin found in certain rock rose (Cistus) species, from which the first member with this core structure was isolated. 

Papaveraceae Dicentra spectabilis (bleeding heart) Cistaceae Cistus creticus (rock rose)... 

Common/vernacular names Ambreine, rock-rose, gum cistus, ciste, and cyste. 

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