Zinc in soils

L. V. Kochian. Zinc absorption from hydroponic solutions by plant roots. Zinc in Soils and Plants (A. D. Robson, ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1993, p. 45. 

Brununer G.W., Tiller K.G., Herms U., Clayton P.M. Adsorption-desorption and/or precipitation-dissolution processes of zinc in soils. Geoderma 1983 31 337-354. 

Fotovat A., Naidu R., Sumner M.E. Water Soil ratio influences aqueous phase chemistry of indigenous copper and zinc in soils. Aust J Soil Res 1997 35 687-710. 

Hickey M.G., Kittrick J.A. Chemical partitioning of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in soils and sediments containing high levels of heavy metals. J Environ Qual 1984 13 372-376. 

Ramos L., Hernandez L.M., Gonzalez, M.J. Sequential fractionation of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in soils from or near Donana national park. J Environ Qual 1994 23 50-57. 

Shuman L.M. Effects of tillage on the distribution of manganese, copper, iron, and zinc in soil fractions. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1985b 49 1117-1122. 

Zhu Q. Zinc in soils. In Micronutrients in Soils of China, Liu Z. ed., Nanjing Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House, 1996. 

Earthworm, Aporrectodea tuberculata concentrations of zinc in soil, in mg/kg DW, ranged from 28 to 470 vs. concentrations in whole worms (less gut contents), in mg/kg DW... 

Lombnres P, Chang AC, Singh BR. Organic ligand, competing cation, and pH effects on dissolution of zinc in soils. Pedosphere 2008 18 92-101. 

Mossop KF, Davidson CM. Comparison of original and modified BCR sequential extraction procedures for the fractionation of copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc in soils and sediments. Anal. Chim. Acta 2003 478 111-118. 

Robson, A.D. Zinc in Soils and Plants, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell. MA,... 

External beam photon-induced X-ray emission spectrometry has been used to determine total zinc in soils [246]. 

Luo, Y.M. and Christie, E (1998) Bioavailability of copper and zinc in soils treated with alkaline stabilised sewage sludges./Environ. Qual., 27, 335-342. 

Knight, B. P., Chaudri, A. M., McGrath, S. P., and Giller, K. E. (1998). Determination of chemical availability of cadmium and zinc in soils using inert soil moisture samplers. Environ. Pollut. 99,... 

Zheljazkov, V. D., and Warman, P. R. (2004). Phytoavailability and fractionation of copper, manganese and zinc in soil following application of two composts to four crops. Environ. Pollut. 131, 187-195. 

Impellitteri, C. A., Saxe, J. K., Cochran, M., Janssen, G., and Allen, H. E. (2003). Predicting the bioavailabihty of copper and zinc in soils Modeling the partitioning of potentially bioavailable copper and zinc from soil solid to soil solution. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22(6), 1380—1386. 

The factors that contribute to corrosion of zinc in soils are not well understood. The pH of soils can vary from 2.6 to 10.2 and the resistivity from 100Hem to lOOKHcm. No correlation between corrosion rate and pH of the soil has been observed. In general low corrosion rates have been observed when the soil has high resistivity. 

Some data on the corrosion rates of steel coated with zinc in soils are given in Table 4.80. The factors identified to cause corrosion in soils are (i) poorly aerated soils (ii) high concentrations of chlorides and sulfates causing pitting (iii) mud, clay and peat are more corrosive than sand. 

Olade M. A. (1987) Dispersion of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc in soils and sediments of a humid tropical ecosystem in Nigeria. In Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic in the Environment (eds. T. C. Hutchinson and K. M. Meema). Wiley, New York, SCOPE 31, pp. 303-312. 

Krishnamurti, G. S. R., and Naidu, R. (2002). Solid-solution speciation and phytoavailability of copper and zinc in soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 2645-2651. 

Table 4. Content of total zinc In. soil samples, ppm.

Box 3. Biogeochemical monitoring of zinc in soils and crops of agroecosystems of Southern Russia (after Zakrutkin and Shishkina, 1997)... 

Similarly to copper (see Box 2) the content of zinc in soils varies remarkably, being from 24 to 150 ppm, with <70 ppm for 80% of the monitored area. There are a few zones with excessive content of this trace element, mainly in watersheds of Don-Sal-Manych rivers, where the maximum concentrations exceed the 100 ppm level. The background contents of zinc are similar for different soil types (Table 4). 

Zakmticin, V. E., Shishkina, D. Yu. (1997). Distribution of copper and zinc in soils and plants of agroecosystems of the Rostov region. In V. N. Bashkin (Ed.). Heavy Metals in the Environment. Pushchino ONTl Publishing House, 101-117. 

R.E. Stanton, A.J. McDonald, Application of the Auto Analyzer to the determination of zinc in soils and sediments, Analyst 88 (1963) 608. 

The zinc concentrations of noncontami-nated soils range from 10 to 300 mg kg and are comparable with those of their rocky subsoils. The median concentrations reported in the literature for zinc in soils and other surfidal materials is 36 mg kg ... 

The proportion of zinc in soil solution increases with decreasing pH. In high pH soils (>6.5), the chemistry of zinc is dominated by interactions with organic ligands. 

Zinc soil chemistry is quite complex in terms of its various combined ionic forms, with zinc being the most readily soluble of all the heavy metals in soils. The major sources of zinc in soils are the zinc sulfide minerals, such as sphalerite and wurtzite, and to a lesser extent minerals such as smithson-ites (ZnCOs), willemite (Zn2Si04), zincite (ZnO), zinkosite (ZnS04) franklinite (ZnPe204) and hopeite (Zn3(P04)2 4H2O). 

Zinc in soils is easily absorbed by mineral and organic substances, accumulating primarily in the soil surface layer and is fairly uniformly distributed between the following fractions (Viets 1962) ... 

Lindsay W (1972) Zinc in soils and plant nutrition. Adv Agron 24 147-186. 

Mortvedt JJ and Gilkes RJ (1993) Zinc fertilizers. In Robson AD, ed. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, Vol. 55. Zinc in Soils and Plants, pp. 33—44. Kluwer Acad Pub, Dordrecht. 

Nickel and zinc in soil ferromanganese nodules. One of the most efficient and durable process responsible for trace metal sequestration in soils is the formation of ferromanganese micronodules, which often have been compared to the well-known oceanic Mn nodules (Glasby et al. 1979 White and Dixon 1996 Han et al. 2001) (Fig. 30a). Although soil micronodules are the premier reservoir for many trace elements in soils, the crystal chemistry of the sequestered elements remains unknown. Chemical analyses of individual nodules from Sicilia and New Zealand showed that some elements, such as Co, Ce, Ba, Pb, Ni, are several times to more than one order of magnitude enriched in the concretions relative to the soil matrix, whereas others are less (e g., Zn) or even depleted (Childs 1975 Palumbo et al. 2001) (Fig. 30b). Since nodules are formed in situ within the soil matrix by local enrichment of Fe and Mn oxides, the observed difference of metal enrichment in the concretions relative to the soil matrix likely results from a difference of metal affinity for soil minerals. The micronodule analyzed here by... 

Ritchie GSP, Sposito G (1995) Speciation in soils In Chemical speciation in the environment. Ure AM, Davidson CM (eds) Blackie Academic Professional, Glasgow, p 201-233 Roberts DR, Scheinost AC, Sparks DL (2002) Zinc speciation in a smelter-contaminated soil profile using bulk and microscopic techniques. Env Sci Tech 36 1742-1750 Robson AD (1993) Zinc in Soils and Plants. Klumcr Academic Publishers, Australia Ross DS, Hales HC, Sea-McCarthy GC, Lanzirotti A (2001) Sensitivity of soil manganese oxides XANES spectroscopy may cause reduction. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65 744-752 Ross SJ, Franzmeier DP, Roth CB (1976) Mineralogy and chemistry of manganese oxides in some Indiana soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40 137-143... 

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