Cistus species

The structure of the epoxy-dialdehyde (15), from Afromomum daniellii (Zingiberaceae), was established by correlation with c -12-norambreinolide. The hydroxy-acid (16), salvic acid from Eupatorium salvia,and the ring B seco-labdane jhanic acid (17) from Eupatorium jhanii are two further diterpenoids from these species of the Compositae. The structure of the latter rests on interpretation of the H and C n.m.r. data. Gutierrezia lucida (Compositae) contains the 13-epimeric acids (18) related to agathic acid together with the butenolide (19). Some esters of 6-hydroxylabdane-17-carboxylic acids were detected in G. mandonii. The investigation of Cistus species has continued. The ent-labdane acetyl-laurifolic acid (20) is a component of Cistus laurifolius ... 

Pomponio, R., Gotti, R., Santagati, N. A., and Cavrini, V. 2003. Analysis of catechins in extracts of Cistus species by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 990 215-23. 

The Clerodane Series.—Some further contributions have been made to the chemo-taxonomy of Cistus species. Whereas C. labdaniferus contains mainly labdanes such as labdane-8a,I5,l9-triol, C. monspeliensis contains a group of clerodane diterpenoids whose structures are summarized in (17), together with labdanolic acid and labdane-8a,15-diol. 

The name labdane stems from Cistus labdaniferus (C sXacQzs) growing in Mediterranean countries (southern parts of France and Italy, Spain). This shrub and other Cistus species excrete the dark brown labdanum resin this has a pleasant smell like ambergris and contains not only a-pinene but also labdan-8a,15-diol and 8p-hydroxylabdan-15-oic acid. 

Qsclareol belongs to the sizable class of labdanoid di-terpenes. The name is derived from labdanum, a resin found in certain rock rose (Cistus) species, from which the first member with this core structure was isolated. 

Source Cistus ladanifer L. (syn. C. ladani-ferus L.) and other Cistus species, including C. incanus L. and its subspecies (syn. C. villosus auct. vix L., including C.polymorphus Willk) (Family Cistaceae). 

ABSTRACT This study forms part of a larger multidisciplinary environmental study of the Lower Guadiana River basin carried out by a joint Portuguese-Spanish research team. It describes the mobility of lead in soil profiles taken over varied lithologies of the Iberian Pyrite Belt and the distribution of this metal with the root, stems and leaves of three plant species native to the area (Cistus ladanifer L., Lavandula luisieri and Thymus vulgaris). Results indicate that at all sample sites the mobility of lead is very low. 

The Guadiana Basin occupies a total area of 66,850 km2 in Spain and Portugal, 8,350 km2 of which comprises the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) one of the world s largest concentrations of base metal sulphide deposits (Leistel et al., 1997 Ribeiro et al., 1990). Three plant species (Cistus ladanifer, Lavandula luisieri and Thymus vulgaris) were utilized in this study. The soils in which these plants were sampled are developed over varied geological formations. The oldest formation (PQ Group, Upper Devonian) consists of a thick sequence of arenites and shales... 

The comparison between Tuckey and Dunnett tests indicated that the reference area of Lombador presents significant differences with the ongoing exploitation of Neves Corvo Cu and Zn mine. On the contrary, Cu relationship of soil-plant is similar in the Lombador control area and in Brancanes which is abandoned over a century. This fact suggests that natural attenuation effects on Cu in the soil-plant system have already happened in Brancanes mining area. The rock rose species (Cistus ladanifer, L.) seems to play an important role in the natural... 

The family has had very little chemical investigation alkaloids have not been found except for a positive lest in an unidentified species of Cistus obtained in the present survey. 

The different Eucalyptus species of importance to the perfumery industry contain different ter-penes as their major components. The terpenes of each are related to the following major components E. citriodora, citronellal E. dives, piperitone E. globulus, cineole E. staigeriana, citral. TThe oil and absolute are known as cistus. 

It is well known that the distribution of the chemical elements in a plant is relevant to its physiology, to its defense against parasites and herbivores, to the element s entry into food chains, etc. Perennial herbs (A. ageratum, I. viscosa, S. vulgaris, Reichardia picroides, H. perforatum) or woody species (Ulmus minor, Cistus salvifolius, Rosa canina) concentrate antimony in epigeal parts which are lost at the end of the growing season. In this way, these plants rid themselves each year of part of the absorbed... 

Kytridis, V-P., Karageoigou, R, Levizou, E. Manetas, Y. (2008). Intra-species variation in transient accumulation of leaf anthocyanins in Cistus creticus during winter evidence that anthocyanins may compensate for an inherent photosynthetic and photoprotective inferiority of the red-leaf phenotype. Journal of Plant Physiology, 165, 952-959. 

There seems to be a considerable amount of confusion as to the exact botanical relationships of Cistus ladaniferus, but this has recently been cleared up by E. M. Holmes in dealing with the source of Spanish ladanum. He finds that the plant used for collecting the oleo-resin in Spain is Cistm ladaniferus, var. macellatus. Theie are about sixteen species of Cistus known in Spain, and the name Cistus ladaniferus has been applied by different botanists to at least four different species, so that a few remarks on the distinctive characters of the true Cistus ladaniferus may be useful. 

The essential oils from the following two species of Cistus have been examined by Schimmel Go. — ... 

GUM LABDANUM is a dark-brown to black resin obtained from a species of evergreen shrubs known as Cistus and native to the Mediterranean region. Its flavor is bitter its odor fragrant. Absolute and soluble forms are sold. Medicinally it is used as a stimulant and industrially as a perfume fixative. 

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