Carcinoma bladder small-cell

Cheng L, Jones TD, McCarthy RP, et al. Molecular genetic evidence for a common clonal origin of urinary bladder small cell carcinoma and coexisting urothelial carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 2005 166 1533. 

Small cell carcinomas of other sites (gastrointestinal tract, bladder, cervix, prostate) frequently TTF-1-i-, although they are rare... 

In their study of thyroid and pulmonary carcinomas, Kaufmann and DieteP" demonstrated reactivity for surfactant protein A in 3 of 7 thyroid carcinomas in a focal pattern. Byrd-Gloster and coworkers reported that TTF-1 is useful in the distinction of pulmonary small cell carcinomas from Merkel cell carcinomas. In their study, 97% of small cell bronchogenic carcinomas were TTF-1 positive, whereas none of 21 Merkel cell tumors exhibited positivity. However, TTF-1 has been reported in some nonpulmonary small cell carcinomas including those arising in the prostate, urinary bladder, and uterine cervix (see Table 10.6). ... 

Sainz and colleagues studied the presence of Nap-A in 967 lung neoplasms. The authors found that less than 5% of carcinomas of the bladder, pancreas, breast, liver, biliary tract, colon, ovary, uterus, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and lung small cell carcinoma were positive for Nap-A and that 74% of lung adenocarcinomas were positive for Nap-A versus 63% positive for... 

Cheng L, Pan CX, Yang XJ, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder a clinicopathologic analysis of 64 patients. Cancer. 2004 101 957. 

Cheng L, Huang WB, Chen J. Recent advances in pathology and molecular genetics of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Xhonghua Bing Li Nue Xa Xhi. 2007 36 700. 

Terracciano L, Richter J, Tornillo L, et al. Chromosomal imbalances in small cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. J Pathol. I999 189 230. 

A similar small phase II trial from Germany has reported on seven patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with cisplatin and paclitaxel (96). The authors conclude that this combination is at least feasible given an acceptable acute toxicity profile and reasonable efficacy. Another small series is reported by Nichols et al. (97) where eight patients received radiation with concurrent paclitaxel and carboplatin in an attempt at bladder preservation. Three of the patients remain free of distant metastases, and local recurrence has occurred in three. 

Cyclophosphamide is a component of CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) and other drug combinations used in the treatment of breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide in combination may produce complete remissions in some patients with ovarian cancer and oat cell (small cell) lung cancer. Other tumors in which benehcial results have been reported include non-oat cell lung cancers, various sarcomas, neuroblastoma, and carcinomas of the testes, cervix, and bladder. Cyclophosphamide also can be employed as an alternative to azathioprine in suppressing immunological rejection of transplant organs. 

Unlabeled Uses Adrenocortical, bladder, cervical, endometrial, prostatic, testicular carcinomas Ewing s sarcoma multiple sclerosis non-small cell, small cell lung cancer organ transplant rejection osteosarcoma ovarian germ cell, primary brain, trophoblastic tumors rheumatoid arthritis soft tissue sarcomas systemic dermato-myositis systemic lupus erythematosus Wilms tumor... 

Acoustic neurofibroma Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Astrocytoma, high grade Bladder carcinoma Breast carcinoma Colon carcinoma Lung carcinoma, small cell Lung carcinoma, other Melanoma (standard and uveal) Meningioma... 

Qinkal uses Advanced ovarian carcinoma, node-positive breast cancer (adjuvant), metastatic breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical, bladder, head and nedc cancer, AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma (second line). 

Adenocarcinoma, colorectal, 4 metastatic Carcinoma, small cell, bladder 34... 

Cisplatin is used for the treatment of ovarian and cervical carcinomas small cell and non-small cell bronchial and lung carcinomas testicular, endometrial, bladder, and prostate carcinomas tumors of the head and throat as well as sarcomas and melanomas. The treatment with cisplatin is complicated by the presence of considerable side effects, whereby the high nephrotoxicity is an especially dosage-limiting factor. Other side effects include hair loss, a reduction of leukocytes and thrombocytes (anemia), an impairment of the taste and hearing senses, as well as nausea and vomiting. 

Isotretinoin has also been reported to cause remissions in oral leukoplakia (Koch, 1978 Shah et al., 1983), epidermodysplasia vemicaformis (Meyskens et al., 1982), and keratoacanthoma (Haydey et al., 1980 Meyskens et al., 1982). A prevention trial of isotretinoin in patients with recurrent bladder cancer was initiated by the National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group (1981). However, because of unacceptable toxicity, this study was terminated after accession of only a small number of patients and response could not be accurately assessed. In a preliminary trial of patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas, isotretinoin was effective in preventing the recurrence of new lesions (Peck et al., 1982). 

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