Small series

Compound-wound dc motors have both series and shunt fields. The addition of a small series field helps provide the proper amount of no-load to fuU-load speed regulation or droop. Shunt or compound-wound motors are apphed widely to many adjustable-speed drives. They are important for drives requiring accurate speed regulation and adjustment. 

The antiviral efficacy of IFN-p administered for 24 weeks at a dose of 3 million units daily has been studied in a small series of HBeAg-positive patients. HBe seroconversion was observed in half the patients and ALT normalization in four patients out of five (Kagawa et al. 1993). Sequential therapy with lamivudine and IFN-p has been tested in HBeAg-positive patients (Enomoto et al. 2007). A sustained virological response was achieved in only 7 (29%) of the 24 patients, 24 weeks after the end of therapy. In a pilot study of IFN-p therapy in 29 patients in whom IFN-a therapy had failed, HBV DNA became undetectable in 6 patients (21%) (Munoz et al. 2002). 

Finally, external numbering-up may be chosen for simple, practical reasons, if the degree of parallelism does involve only low numbers, e.g. not exceeding 10 devices. Developing an internally numbered-up device will demand development costs and time and, therefore, may be inefficient at a low degree of parallelism. Meanwhile, since micro reactors are available commercially and tentatively will become cheaper, the rapid availability of a small series of devices is no longer impossible. 

As an alternative to seals, irreversible bonding can be applied, e.g. by laser welding the surface of a microstructured stack [29, 30] or by diffusion bonding via vacuum compression of a microstructured stack [18, 37-39], For better handling and fluid interconnection, diffusion-bonded stacks may be surrounded by a shell [18, 37-39], Diffusion-bonded stacks typically are more compact. In addition, this interconnection technique is principally amenable to small-series production. Accordingly, it is seen as a proper way to realize future commercial, off-the-shelf micro reactors,... 

One of the first studies to predict log P by using potential energy fields calculated using the GRID and CoMFA approaches was done by Kim [60]. The author investigated H, CH3 and H2O probes, and calculated the best models using the hydro-phobic probe H2O for relatively small series (20 or less compounds each) of furans, carbamates, pyridines and pyrazines. A similar study was performed by Waller [61] who predicted a small series of 24 polyhalogenated compounds. Recently, Caron and Ermondi [62] used a new version of Cruciani s software, VolSurf [63], to predict the octanol-water and alkane-water partition coefficients for 152 compounds with r = 0.77, q = 0.72, SDEP = 0.60 for octanol-water and r = 0.76, q = 0.71, SDEP = 0.85 for alkane-water. 

As noted above, phenylethanolamines are usually p-adrenergic agonists, whereas phenylpropanolamines show antagonist activity. A small series of phenyl-ethanolamine blockers is, however, known. When the haloatom of u)-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-acetonaphth-one (36) is displaced with isopropylamine and the... 

FRET probes have not only been generated to measure the phospholipase activity but to study its substrate specificity as well. Several substrates of PLA2 with a variety of head groups and labeled with a BODIPY dye and a Dabcyl quencher were created by Rose et al. and tested against different PLAs in cells to determine substrate specificity and intracellular localization [137], The specificity of PLA2 isoforms towards the number of double bonds in the sn2 position was evaluated with a small series of PENN derivatives. It was demonstrated that the cytosolic type V PLA2 preferred substrates with a single double bond [138],... 

Finally, the fourth approach (path d) involves the generation of conjugated nitro olefins C from the starting AN by known methods. The latter are involved in the conjugated [1,4]-addition to give target nitronates. This process is of most importance for the synthesis of six-membered cyclic nitronates (see Section 3.2.1.2.2). This method was also used to prepare a small series of boryl-, silyl-and acyl nitronates (see Sections 3.2.3 and 3.2.4). It is beyond reason to believe that all possibilities of the approach (d) are exhausted by these examples. 

Two approaches that have been validated for HIV inhibitors, nucleoside 5 -phosphonates [48] and 1,3-dioxolane analogs [49] have proven unsuccessful when applied to HCV inhibitors. Phosphonodiphosphates have been synthesized and are incorporated by NS5B RdRp, but Vmax/Km for these chain terminators is 10-100-fold less than for ATP, and potency must be greatly improved for analogs of this type to have utility [50]. A small series of 1,3-dioxolanes also failed to afford active inhibitors of HCV, or HIV, despite the addition of a 5-methyl substituent to impose the desired conformational preference [51]. Ring expanded nucleobases [52,53] and AICAR analogs have also been synthesized as HCV inhibitors which provide only weak replicon activity [54]. 

For every new amino acid, a small series of test experiments is normally sufficient to establish a compromise between the minimum concentration required for high specific labeling (usually at least ten times the amount introduced with the algal hydrolyzate) and the... 

A comparison between carbamoylmethyl and aminoalkyl esters has been reported for a small series of prodrugs of ibuprofen (8.28) [39]. A further interest of this work is the systematic comparison made between the enantiomers of ibuprofen, i. e., the active (+)-(S)-form and the inactive (-)-(/ )-form. As shown in Table 8.4, the ethyl esters were hydrolyzed very slowly in human plasma, with t1/2 values in the order of 100 - 200 h. In contrast, the hydrolysis of the carbamoylmethyl and aminoalkyl esters occurred with t1/2 values in the order of some or several minutes. The carbamoylmethyl esters were hydrolyzed very rapidly with low substrate enantioselectivity, while the 2-(imidazol-l-yl)ethyl esters were hydrolyzed somewhat more slowly and with marked substrate enantioselectivity. 

Most household and entertainment appliances are mass-production goods that are sold by the million. Production of business or office appliances varies from small series (shredders, for example) to medium or high series (PCs and other computers). Prices are very varied from a few tens of euros up to thousands of euros and more. Table 2.35 provides an idea of the economic importance of some typical devices. 

Processes for small series or large parts are appreciated. 

Positive slopes in partial correlations of small series for which the Taft equation is suitable. For a resonance parameter r = 0.8. 

A similar small phase II trial from Germany has reported on seven patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with cisplatin and paclitaxel (96). The authors conclude that this combination is at least feasible given an acceptable acute toxicity profile and reasonable efficacy. Another small series is reported by Nichols et al. (97) where eight patients received radiation with concurrent paclitaxel and carboplatin in an attempt at bladder preservation. Three of the patients remain free of distant metastases, and local recurrence has occurred in three. 

FDG PET and ° T1 SPECT may be particularly useful in the future for following replacement of infarcted myocardium using intracoronary injections of progenitor cells. In a small series of patients, this approach demonstrated a significant increase in myocardial viability and perfusion [116]. 

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